68 EXPOSITION AT VIENNA. 
and beauty ave produced. In tliis art tbe design is first marked 
out upon the metallic or porcelain surfiice by thin strips of 
brass, bent and folded, so as to mark all the details of an intri- 
cate pattem. These are fastened to the surface ou edge by 
soldering, and the cavities or cloissons thus formed are filled in 
with fusible enamels of different colors. The piece is then 
baked, the enamels fuse into the cells, and, after cooling, the 
whole surface is ground otf smooth, bringing the enamels and 
the thin brass partings to a flush finish. Dark blues and 
greens, with a sprinkling of red and white, are the usual 
colors. 
Imitations are now made extensively in France and in Eng 
land. Some of these productions are remarkable for their 
beauty and perfection of finish. Special mentiou should be 
made of specimens shown by Barbedienne and by Elkington. 
There is one variety of cloissonee enamel on porcelain 
which is rare, only a few specimens having been seen in the 
United States. Porcelain body is substituted for metal, and 
the brass partitions seem to be inserted directly in the porce 
lain body. A cup in the writer’s collection is so enamelled 
over the whole exterior, while the inferior is ordinary white, 
ti'anslucent porcelain. 
Some of the choicest specimens of Chinese cloissonee were 
obtained at the sacking of the summer palace of the emperor, 
and, together with vonderfully wrought specimens of jade 
and other decorative objects, were distributed from thence 
over Europe. 
III. Floob, Wall, and Oknamen- 
TAL TlLES. 
The Exhibition contained a rieh assemblagc of decorative 
tiles of several countries, notably from Great Britain, where 
the art has attained its greatest perfection. Little, in fact, 
remains to be desired in respect of excellence of materials, 
perfection of form, and beauty of design. The highest skill 
of the potter and the best efforts of decorative artists are 
called into requisition in this manufacture, and the resources 
of the chemist’s art, applied to enamels, are taxod to their