99 
(hundred thousand) of flowers. The total area under 
rose cultivation in Ghazeepore is estimated at about 
200 acres, bearing an average rental of Rs. 4 per 
beegah. 
Process of Manufacturing the pure Attar of Roses. 
A gallon, or half a gallon, of the best rose-water is 
kept in a large copper vessel in the cool night air, 
with a thin cotton covering over it. Before day-break 
the oily extract floating over the surface of the water 
is carefully collected with a pigeon’s feather and 
placed in a phial. 
The next day fresh flowers are added to the water, 
and it is again distilled, and the same process is 
continued for several days successively, tili as much 
pure attar of roses is collected as is required. The 
whole quantity thus collected is kept in a phial and 
exposed to the sun for a few days, and as soon as 
the watery particles have evaporated, pure oil, or 
attar of roses, is left in the phial, which sells hy 
weight at Rs. 100 to Rs. 125 per tolah. This sort 
of attar being costly, is generally made only to 
Order, and the ordinary quantity produced each year 
rarely exceeds 5 or 6 tolahs. The rose-water left 
after eight or nine distillations again comes into use, 
and is sold in the market as the best of its kind. It 
is in fact a clear profit to the manufacturer, who is 
already amply repaid hy the attar itself. The prime 
cost of a tolah of attar is fairly estimated at Rs. 72, 
viz.:— 
Cost of labour - - Rs. 12 0 0 
Value of 50,000 rose flowers at 
Rs. 120 per lakh - Rs. 60 0 0 
Total - Rs. 72 0 0 
The margin left to the manufacturer after covering 
the cost of intere3t on outlay does not fall far short 
of 40 or 50 rupees per tolah, which it must be ad- 
mitted is not at all a bad profit on the transaction. 
Manufacture of the attoyed or ordinary basar-sold 
Attar. 
Sandal wood is well pounded and mixed with 
water, and then subjected to the usual process of 
distillation with roses. This gives a greater quantity 
of oily substance than could he expected from roses 
only. The same water is distilled over and over 
again with an additional quantity of fresh flowers as 
many times as suits the fancy of the manufacturer. 
The value of this attar rises in proportion to the 
number of distillations, and the best of the kind 
sells at Rs. 10 per tolah down to the lowest rate of 
Rs. 2 for the inferior sorts. The process of colleetion 
of this attar is the same as that of the other, the 
only difference between the tvvo being in the admix- 
ture or not of sandal wood oil. 
It is difficult to estimate with any degree of 
accuracy the quantity of alloyed attar annually pro- 
dueed in Ghazeepore, for a large number of Out 
siders come every year, stop for the season only, and 
then carry off what they produce. Probably a maund 
would be near the mark, but the value cannot be 
accurately computed, owing to the great variety of 
rates for the different qualities manufactured. 
Manufacture of plain Rose-water. 
The process is simple, but the varieties are great 
according to the number of flowers allowed to each 
distillation. The ordinary rose-water is sold in huge 
spherical glass receptacles called “karabas,” each 
containing 14 quart hottles. The average selling 
price of ordinary rose-water varies from Rs. 2 to 12 
per karaba, and English quart bottles from 8 annas 
to 8 rupees each. 
The usual cost of labour for each distillation 
yielding 24 bottles is one rupee. Düring the season 
numerous temporary rose-stills are worked by traders 
from different parts of India. Consequently it is 
very difficult to make even an approximate esti- 
mation of the actual quantity produced, but it if 
supposed to be somewhere between two and three 
hundred maunds. 
R. Saunders, Collector. 
Perfumery Suhstances from India Museum, London. 
3,324. White horehound. Pogostemon patchouli. 
3,328. Rose huds. Rosa damascena. 
3,295. Ivhus khus. Anatherum muricatum. 
Four Attars from Indore, exhibited hy the Local 
Committee. 
842. Attar of roses. 
Attar of keora. 
Attar of jasmine. 
Attar of mogra. 
Four Essential Oils for perfumery, exhibited byH.H. 
the Guickwar of Baroda. 
ANIMAL PERFUMERIES. 
Musk. Moschus moschiferus, Lmn. Mishk, or 
Mooshk, A.; P. Mooshka. Sans. Nafey- 
moosh. Nepal. Kustooree. H. Rutta-urula. 
Cyn. Toshikana, Cashmere. India Museum. 
The musk deer is an important object of the chase 
in the countries in which it occurs, on account of 
the substance called musk, which is secreted in a 
cavity of the ahdomen of the male. The animal 
inhabits the mountainous districts of Central Asia. 
It is common in Nepal, Bhotan, Tibet, and the 
adjacent countries. About 100 musk balls or 
“ pods ” are imported annually into Leh in Ladakh, 
where they are valued at from 7 to 15 rupees each. 
The quantity of musk exported from India during 
the official year 1871-2, was 2,993 ounces, valued at 
rupees 36,152. 
C.—DRUGS AND OTHER RAW PRODUCTS FOR PHARMACY. 
The materia medica of India can be grouped 
most conveniently under three headings :— 
1. Officinal, according to the Pharmacopseia of 
India; 
2. Non-officinal, hut included in the Pharma- 
copaeia of India; 
3. Reputed medicinal suhstances not included in 
the Pharmacopaeia of India. 
G 2