203 
Madras School of Arts. 
Models of various conveyances, as follows :— 
“ Jutka.” Hand truck. Water cart. Butler’s 
cart and bullock. Country cart (bandy) and bul- 
locks. Cart for bricks, &c. Moglai Gharry and 
bullocks. 
Coopoosawmy and Co., Madras. 
Models (4) of conveyances, &e.:— 
“ Tonjon.” Hindoo marriage Palanquin. Maho- 
medan hier. Palanquin carriage, newest pattem. 
Gun Carriage Manufactory, Madras. 
Model of Palanquin coach. 
Model of Hawker’s cart. 
Arsenal at Bangalore. 
Model of Bangalore cart, with stone wheels. 
Simpson and Co„ Madras. 
Model of travelling bullock coach, with bullocks. 
Bombay Committee. 
Model of bullock carriage. From Bhownuggur. 
Bengal Committee. 
Models of Vehicles, with wheels. 
“ Ekka ” (2). From Patna, and Hajipore, Tirhoot 
District. The one-horse vehicle in common use 
by the natives of zillah Patna. 
“ Saggur.” With bullocks and driver. From Nud- 
dea, Ram Lai Pal, modeller. The common two- 
wheeled cart for the conveyance of heavy loads in 
Bengal. 
Bullock cart. From Hajipore. Common cart used 
in Hajipore, subdivision of Tirhoot, and in Behar. 
Two-wheeled “Saggur” (2). From Hooghly and 
Bancoorah. Pecrdiar for its solid wheels. 
Two-wheeled “Saggur” (2). From Serampore, 
Hooghly District, and Gya. 
Models of Vehicles, without wheels. 
Buffalo cart. From Goalundo. Common buffalo 
cart without wheels used in the neighbourhood of 
Goalundo. 
“Palki” (3). From Gya, Patna, and Bancoorah. 
“Buradaree.” From Gya. Used for the convey 
ance of a bride to and from the marriage cere- 
mony. 
“ Myana.” Gya. A kind of litter used in Gya. 
“ Doli.” From Bogra. Litter in common use in 
Bogra, showing the curtain to protect the passen- 
gers from the sun, as well as to protect female 
passengers from public gaze. 
“ Katoli.” Litter from Gya. 
“Palki.” From Serampore. The ordinary palki 
used in Serampore and throughout Lower Bengal. 
Nalki (2). Patna and Hajipore. A litter used hy 
the wealthy classes. 
“ Palki,” with bearers, and passengers inside. _ From 
Nuddea, Juddonauth Pal, modelier. Showing the 
mode of travelling among the natives of Bengal 
and the position of the traveller inside. 
“Chaudol” (2). From Balasore and Bancoorah. 
A litter for carrying idols about and for keeping 
them in when stationary. 
“Mahapaya,” or “Mahapa.” From Balasore. A 
strongly-built litter used in Balasore instead of a 
palki. 
“ Thanjam,” or “ Tanjam.” From Chittagong. A 
kind of sedan chair much used in Chittagong, but 
not for long journeys. 
“ Mahapaya.” Bancoorah. Used in Bancoorah for 
the conveyance of females by the Mahomedans. 
“ Doli.” Bancoorah. The common litter in use in 
the district öf Bancoorah. 
“Boncha palki.” Bancoorah. A sort of sedan 
chair without hood in use in Bancoorah. 
Bazonjee Munchurjee, Poonah. 
A series of drawings of the carts in use in Western 
lndia. (From the India Museum, London.) 
Many of these carts have been in use from time 
immemorial. They all agree in presenting. the 
general feature of a platform, with or without sides, 
supported on two wheels. 
The Poonah Satta and village Satta carts (drawings 
Nos. 3 and 9) are stated to be the oldest in exist- 
ence. They are certainly very primitive in construc- 
tion, more especially the latter one, which is roughly 
built of common jungle-wood, and furnished with 
stone wheels cut from the blue basalt ol the Deccan, 
These wheels, which are said by the villagers to be 
cheaper than those of wood, are very liable to split, 
especially on stony ground, thus rendering the cir- 
cumference very irregulär and uneven, and inter- 
fering with locomotion. It is prqbably for this 
reason, and on account of the additional weight of 
such wheels, that buffaloes are made to draw these 
carts, instead of the comparatively weaker oxen 
generally employed for such purposes. 
In the eonstruction of the Poonah Satta carts, 
wood of the best quality, as teak or babool, and 
workmanship of unusual excellence, are made use of. 
The wheels (to which those of the Poonah Bundey 
and Poonah Bangree carts, Nos. 4 and 5, are very 
similar) consist of three blocks of teak or babool 
wood, bound together by an iron tire. The nave 
is lined with an iron ferrule, and convex plates of 
iron are bolted to each side of the wheel. I he body 
of the cart is a simple platform without sides, sup 
ported partly by the axle-beam, partly by the poles. 
In the Poonah Bundey cart, No. 4, the platform is 
erected directly upon the poles, without the inter- 
vention of an axle-beam. In all other points, the 
eonstruction of these carts (Nos. 3, 4, and 5) is 
similar to that of the Panwell Bundree and Poona 
Dumney carts, described hereafter. 
Many of the carts shown in the drawings (e.g., 
Nos. 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9) are provided with wooden 
axles, which, even if made of the hardest and tough 
est wood, are constantly breaking, especially on rough 
jungle roads. If. instead of a wooden axle, an iron 
one were used (as in Nos. 1, 2, 6, and 8), not only 
would the annual cost of repairs be much lessened, 
but the carts would also be rendered available for 
greatly increased loads. 
Formerly the transportation of merehandise from 
the Deccan plateau, across the high chain of the 
Western Ghauts to the sea-coast, was a very arduous 
and difficult Operation, the goods being conveyed up 
and down the mountain passes by means qf coolies 
or oxen ; but on the introduction of British power 
macadamized roads were constructed across the 
Ghauts, and a great impulse was cqnsequently giyen 
to commerce in this part of India. Ihe natives 
availed themselves to the utmost of the opportunities 
thus offered them, and many of the carts shown in 
the series were introduced at that time to meet the