14 
They are immigrants into the Punjab from Raj- 
pootana, and are all merchants and traders : a gentle, 
quiet, inoffensive, money-getting class, of exoellent 
charaeter, and of very industrious habits. The 
Bhabras carry tbe desire not to take away life to an 
extreme degree; noxious vermin, wild beasts, and 
even insects, are included in the same category; 
and the contrivances not to destroy the latter, even 
in the purification and cleansing of their houses and 
apparel, is carried to such an extent as to effect their 
apparent cleanliness. 
No. 74. Shadi Seth. 
Shadi Seth is an inhabitant of Bhagput, a large 
town in the Meerut districfc, and belongs to the 
Surongie division of the Bunnya, or shopkeeping 
tribe, who are Jains. 
No. 75. Brinjara and Wife. 
Under the designation of Brinjara or Bunjara, 
Lamanee or Lumbanee, this useful and interesting 
tribe is found all over India. In the north-west 
Provinces they inhabit the jungles on the Southern 
faces of the lowest ranges of the Himalayas, never 
penetrating deep into the forests, but selecting for 
their encampments those portions of open grass lands. 
chequered by patches of wood, which afford good 
grazing grounds for their large herds of carriage 
bulloeks. They have no settled places of habitation. 
Düring the dry months—that is, from October to 
June—they travel through the country, transporting 
salt, ghee, grain, or other produee, from plaee to 
place; sometimes trading upon their own account, 
but for the most part carrying for grain dealers and 
merchants at a low rate of Charge, which is paid in 
kind or in money, as may be agreed upon. 
The men are hold, patient, hardy, and venturous ; 
and among all classes of merchants in India have 
acquired, as is their due, a reputation for perfect 
honesty. No matter how long, or how arduous the 
march, or how great the value of the goods they 
carry, they deliver them according to promise. In 
marches of hundreds of miles along unfrequented 
roads, without anyone to overlook them or guard 
them, the Brinjaree convoys travel patiently and 
persistently, and deliver their invoices correctly. 
j— Artisans and Labourers. 
No. 76. Sonar. 
The Sonar or gold and silversmith is an indis 
pensable member of the Indian social condition of 
life; and he is to be found in every village, almost 
in every hamlet, as well as in all towns and cities. 
In the Deccan, where original national institutions 
are preserved in village communes, and wherever 
they are at present existent throughout India—the 
Sonar is a member of the hereditary village council, 
which includes the carpenter and blacksmith, the 
potter, and other useful and indispensable mechanics, 
and is twelve in number, presided over by the patell, 
the hereditary magistrate or head manager. 
No. 77. Weavers. 
No. 78. Dyers. 
No. 79. Blacksmiths. 
No. 80. Carpenters. 
No. 81. Kumhars or Potters. 
No. 82. Zunlozis or Brocade-weavers. 
No. 83. Scarf Makers, 
No. 84. Bheesties or Water-carriers. 
No. 85. Aheer. 
Aheers are keepers and tenders of cows and buf- 
faloes; they trade only upon milk, and the pre- 
parations from it. They never keep goats or sheep, 
but breed and feed calves; selling tbem, however, 
as soon as they are fit to work as bullocks, or indeed, 
generally as soon as the calves are well reared, to 
persons who train them for carriage or for draft. 
Ti.—Wandering Tribes AND Gipsies. 
No. 86. Bhat. 
Bhat, also Bharat and Bhattu, is the Hindoo 
equivalent for bard, herald, genealogist, and chro- 
nicler. He is to be found all over India, and fulfils 
the same office as his prototype, but with inferior 
dignity, although in Western India, where he is iden- 
tified with the Charun, his personal Security is held 
sufficient for the payment of a debt or the fulfil- 
ment of an engagement, its violation being followed 
by the voluntary death, either of the Bhat himself 
oi- of some member of his family, the retribution 
of which falls on the defaulter. 
No. 87. Bhat.—Mussnlman. 
The specimen photographed comes from Umroha, 
a town in Moradabad, full of old and decayed Ma- 
homedan families. The oecupation of the Bhat 
shown in this photograph is the narration of family 
traditions and legends, and remarkable historical 
and other local events, many of which are very curious 
and interesting. The Bhäts may be considered as 
much the hereditary depositaries and professors of 
this knowledge as the ancient bards were in Britain 
The offices of both correspond exactly. The Bhat is 
well paid and fed for his work. 
No. 88. Mirassees. 
Mirassees, or minstrels, are not a reputable class 
of people, and are generally employed by dancing 
girls to play to them, when engaged to dance or 
sing at nautches.