18 
the extreme height, ruggedness, and difficulty of the 
mountain passes, and the short penod durmg which 
they remain open, comparatively but little known to 
the inhahitants of Hindostan. 
Both Tibetans, and, with few exceptions, the so- 
called Bhotias, are Buddhists. Tibet is indeed the 
chief seat of this religion, and of its incarnate head, 
the Grand Lama. The influence of this spiritual 
lord extends over the whole of Central Asia, but the 
temporal power formerly exercised by him in libet 
has passed to the Chinese. 
No. 114. Lama: 
The Lama, or priest of Buddh, represented in the 
photograph, is a native of Tibet. 
No. 115. Bhotia Bemale, Buddhist, near 
Lassa, Thibet. 
No. 116. Tibetan Buddhist. 
f OUDE AND NORTH-WEST PrOYINCES. 
No. 117. Bhur. 
An aboriginal race of Hindostan, called also Raj- 
bhur, Bhurat, and Bhurpatwa. Their original seat 
is traditionally stated to have been the whole coun- 
try from Goruckpoor to Bundlekund, and a tract in 
Benares is from them called Bhurdoi, corruptly 
Bhadoi. Many of the old forts, and other con- 
structions in the Benares and adjoining districts, 
are ascribed to them. 
No. 118. Teehurs. 
The quasi-aboriginal tribe called Teehur is not of 
a migratory character. A few families are found 
dispersed through villages, from which they rarely 
niove unless pressed for employment. They have 
no fixed or defined religion, neither Hindoos nor 
Mahomedans acknowledge them, and the most 
solemn oath they can take is on the spirits they 
drink. 
They are a despised race, very ignorant, and 
extremely expert as thieves, but nevertheless, gene- 
rally laborious. 
No. 119. Rajpoot Cultivators. 
These peasants are residents of Jumnootri, or the 
source of the Jumna, and belong by caste to a 
Rajpoot race known as the Russia clan. 
Their pretensions to the appellation is, however, 
very doubtful. 
There is a great difference between the types of 
features of the lower Rajpoot tribes and the higher ; 
the latter is unmistakeably Aryan, while the lower, 
as shown in the representation, is nearly allied to 
the aboriginal. 
No. 120. Niltoo—Hindoo. 
The subject of this photograph is Niltoo. a coolie 
or hill porter, carrying milk. He is a Hindoo, and 
by caste a Rajpoot of low degree, resident of Gurhwal. 
g. PlTNJAB. 
No. 121. Daood Pootra. 
The Daood Pootras, or sons of David, Claim 
descent from the Caliph Abbas, paternal uncle of 
Mahomed. They are Soonnee Mahomedans, and 
the head of the tribe now holds the principality of 
Bahawulpoor, on the left bank of the Sutlej, near 
the junction of that river with the Indus. In the 
beginning of the last Century, the Daood Pootras 
were known only as weavers and cultivators, and 
had displayed no martial character; local convul- 
sions, however, enabled the head of the tribe to 
establish his clan at Bahawulpoor, where he has 
since maintamed himself. 
No. 122. Kakkazye. 
The Kakkazyes were originally Hindoo Kullals 
who, though at sonre distant period converted to 
Mahomedan faith, have yet retained the hereditary 
occupation of their ancestors. They are numerous 
at Lahore, and maintain themselves as well by 
selling spirits, as by farming, trading in grain and 
wood, and the poorer classes as domestic servants. 
It is, perhaps, a stränge illustration of the force of 
habit and attachment to caste profession, to find 
the Kakkazyes, though converts to Islamism, con- 
tinuing a trade, or pursuit in life, which is expressly 
forbidden by the tenets they have adopted, under the 
most emphatic denunciations of divine wrath. 
No. 123. Arora. 
The Aroras are a caste of Hindoo tradesmen, who 
are numerous in the towns and villages of the 
Punjab; and the city of Mooltan is perhaps the 
Principal place of their origin, and present residence. 
They Claim to belong to the Vayash, or Vaishya 
dass of Hindoos, which is the third in the general 
System of caste rank, and is that to which most 
merchants and professional characters belong. The 
Aroras are, however, a weak sect only, and are 
hardly known in other parts of India. They trade 
in money and in exchanges, as well as in goods, 
produce, and manufactures; and, like the Jains, 
are an industrious, money-getting dass, not over 
scrupulous in regard to usury. 
No. 124. Raeens, or Arains. 
It is comparatively rare to find any tribe or sect 
of Mahomedans who follow agriculture as an exclu 
sive pursuit; but the Raeens, or Arains, belong to 
the agricultural classes of the Punjab and of the 
Hissar division of the North-west Provinces, and 
rarely, if ever, serve as soldiers. They belong to 
the Soonnee sect, and are not distinguished by