55

three  times,  when  young,  as  fodder,  with  little  or  no
injury  to  tlie  ear,  which  is  formed  afterwards.  In
Lahöul,  on  the  Sutlej,  and  in  Ladak  a  kind  of  beer
is  ma'de  from  this  grain,  and  in  the  latter  a  kind  of
spirit  which  is  used  by  some  of  the  rieher  inhabitants.
  A  dark  purple  variety  of  barley  is  cultivated
near  the  Sutlej,  and  a  clear  translucent  barley  of
superior  quality  called  “  paighambri.”  A  similar
naked  barley  is  grown  in  Nepaul.
8,782.  Barley.  Dacca.
8,784.  Barley.  Hugli.
8,786.  Barley.  Bogra.
8,788.  Barley.  Rajshahye.
8.790.  Barley.  Faridpur.
8.791.  Barley.  Howrah.
8,792-3.  Barley.  Patna,
5,917.  Barley.  Hordeum  hexastichon.  Kattywar.
6,121.  Barley.  Hordeum  hexastichon.  Ahmednuggar.

6,171.  Barley.  Hordeum  hexastichon.  Nassick.
6’l87.  Barley.  Hordeum  hexastichon.  Beigaum.
6,289.  Barley.  Hordeum  hexastichon.  Kolkapoor.
6,086.  Barley.  Hordeum  hexastichon.  Aden.
380.  Barley.  Thawur  Hindoo  of  Boohuc.  Sind.
3,742.  Barley.  H.H.  the  Maharajah  of  Benares.
867.  Barley.  Indore.
3.334.  Barley,  Country.  Amritsur.
3.335.  Barley,  Fine.  Amritsur.
3.366.  Barley,  Kulu.  Kangra.
3.367.  Barley,  Palampur.  Kangra.
3,403.  Barley.  Kashmir.
3,563.  Barley.  Oude.
2,219,  2,220.  Barley.  India  Museum.
OATS.
Avena  savita.
Oats  were  introduced  some  years  ago,  and  are  now
grown  sparingly  at  Patna  and  Mounghur,  the  original
stations,  and  in  one  or  two  other  localities,  but
beyond  these  does  not  seem  to  meet  with  favour,  and
the  cultivation  shows  no  tendency  towards  expansion.
  The  paleaceous  envelopes  develop  in  greater
luxuriance  than  in  Europe  to  the  deterioration  of  the
grain.
954.  Oats.  Nagpur.
2,197.  Oats.  Monghyr.  India  Museum.
MAIZE  OR  INDIAN  CORN.
Zea  Mays.
Maize  introduced  into  India  is  now  widely  distributed,
  not  only  in  India  proper,  but  in  Burmah,
and  is  universally  employed  for  human  food.  In  the
Deccan,  Colonel  Sykes  says,  that  the  spikes  are
seldom  allowed  to  ripen,  while  the  gram  is  yet  soft
and  milky  the  spike  is  taken  off.  It  is  fried  or
parched  and  eaten  with  ghee  and  pepper  or  sugar,
when  the  Koonbee  and  his  friends  cannot  consume
in  this  way  the  produce  of  a  Held  the  grain  is  allowed
to  ripen  and  is  ground  into  flour.  Baden  Powell  observes
  in  his  “  Punjab  products,”  that  “  Maize  grows
“  everywhere  throughout  the  hills  and  appears  to
“  flourish  just  as  well  in  a  temperate  as  in  a  tropical
“  climate.  At  7,C00  feet  or  more  it  is  the  favourite
“  cr0 p  of  the  people,  and  for  six  months  of  the  year
“  forms  their  common  staple  of  food.  Although
“  superseded  in  the  valleys  by  rice,  there  is  always
“  a  little  plot  of  maize  around  the  cottage  of  the

“  peasantry  which  is  reserved  for  themselves,  while
“  the  rice  is  disposed  of  to  wealthier  classes.  To
“  the  uplands  maize  is  an  admirably  suited  crop.
“  It  is  very  hardy,  requires  little  rain,  and  is  rapidly
“  matured.  In  sixty  days  from  the  day  of  sowing
“  the  cobs  are  fit  to  eat,  but  the  grain  will  not  keep.
“  Weevils  attack  it  in  preference  to  any  other  grain,
“  and  it  is  a  populär  saying  that  the  life  of  maize  is
“  only  a  year  long.”
959.  Maize.  Nagpur.
1,486.  Maize.  G.  Bidie.  Madras.

Used  chiefly  as  a  luxury;  a  garden  crop.
Composition  in  100  parts  :—
Water  -  -  -  13'50
Nitrogenous  substances  -  9'90
Starch  and  dextrin  -  64  •  50
Fat  -  -  -  6'70
Cellulose  (from  bran)  -  0‘40
Ash  1-40

8,794-6.  Maize.  Patna.
8,795.  Maize.  Cynthia.
8,797-  Maize.  Shahabad.
6,904-23.  Maize.  Kattywar.
6,063.  Maize.  Dharwar.
6,082.  Maize.  Aden.
6,120,  6,276.  Maize.  Ahmednuggar.
6,255.  Maize.  Mr.  V.  Fretwell.  Khandeish.
6,283.  Maize.  Kolkapoor.
6,295.  Maize.  Kutch.
388.  Maize.  Jumal  Rutton  of  Karachi.

3,598.  Maize.  Oude.

809.  Maize.  Berar.

3,404.  Maize.  Kashmir.
3,723.  Maize.  H.H.  the  Maharajah  of  Benares.
855.  Maize.  Indore.

3,336-7.  Maize,  White.  Amritsur.
3,338.  Maize,  Red.  Amritsur.
3.368.  Maize,  Palampur.  Kangra.
3.369.  Maize,  Kulu.  Kangra.
2,265.  Maize.  India  Museum.
CHOLUM  OR  JOWAREE.
Sorghum  vulgare.
This  grain  is  the  most  universally  cultivated  of
any  grain  in  the  wet  crop,  it  is  in  fact  (in  some
parts)  the  principal  Support  of  man  and  beast.  It
will  grow  upon  most  soils,  but  luxuriates  in  the
black  soil  (Sykes).  There  are  several  varieties,  but
principally  one  with  red  seeds,  and  one  with  white.
When  grown  for  fodder  it  is  much  more  thickly
sown  than  when'  grown  as  a  grain.  As  a  fodder
plant  it  is  highly  esteemed.  A  single  plant  found
growing  hy  itself  is  described  ‘by  Sir  John  Hearsay
in  the  Journal  of  the  A'gri.  Hort.  Soc.  of  India  for
1858  which  produced  12,700  seeds.  Some  botanists
recognise  at  least  three  species  in  cultivation,  more
or  less,  in  India,  viz.,  the  present  Sorghum  vulgare,
Pers.,  Sorghum  cernuum,  W.,  and  Sorghum  bicolor,
Moench,  whilst  others  regard  these  as  mere  varieties
of  the  one  species  which  is  extensively  cultivated
over  the  World,  and  exhibits,  like  all  largely  cultivated
plants,  a  great  tendency  to  Variation.
955.  Jowaree,  White.  Nagpur.
956.  Jowaree,  Black.  Nagpur.
957-  Jowaree,  Red.  Nagpur.
1.483.  Jowaree.  G.  Bidie.  Madras.
1.484.  Jowaree,  Yellow.  G.  Bidie.  Madras.