55 
three times, when young, as fodder, with little or no 
injury to tlie ear, which is formed afterwards. In 
Lahöul, on the Sutlej, and in Ladak a kind of beer 
is ma'de from this grain, and in the latter a kind of 
spirit which is used by some of the rieher inhabi- 
tants. A dark purple variety of barley is cultivated 
near the Sutlej, and a clear translucent barley of 
superior quality called “ paighambri.” A similar 
naked barley is grown in Nepaul. 
8,782. Barley. Dacca. 
8,784. Barley. Hugli. 
8,786. Barley. Bogra. 
8,788. Barley. Rajshahye. 
8.790. Barley. Faridpur. 
8.791. Barley. Howrah. 
8,792-3. Barley. Patna, 
5,917. Barley. Hordeum hexastichon. Kattywar. 
6,121. Barley. Hordeum hexastichon. Ahmed- 
nuggar. 
6,171. Barley. Hordeum hexastichon. Nassick. 
6’l87. Barley. Hordeum hexastichon. Beigaum. 
6,289. Barley. Hordeum hexastichon. Kolkapoor. 
6,086. Barley. Hordeum hexastichon. Aden. 
380. Barley. Thawur Hindoo of Boohuc. Sind. 
3,742. Barley. H.H. the Maharajah of Benares. 
867. Barley. Indore. 
3.334. Barley, Country. Amritsur. 
3.335. Barley, Fine. Amritsur. 
3.366. Barley, Kulu. Kangra. 
3.367. Barley, Palampur. Kangra. 
3,403. Barley. Kashmir. 
3,563. Barley. Oude. 
2,219, 2,220. Barley. India Museum. 
OATS. 
Avena savita. 
Oats were introduced some years ago, and are now 
grown sparingly at Patna and Mounghur, the original 
stations, and in one or two other localities, but 
beyond these does not seem to meet with favour, and 
the cultivation shows no tendency towards expan- 
sion. The paleaceous envelopes develop in greater 
luxuriance than in Europe to the deterioration of the 
grain. 
954. Oats. Nagpur. 
2,197. Oats. Monghyr. India Museum. 
MAIZE OR INDIAN CORN. 
Zea Mays. 
Maize introduced into India is now widely dis- 
tributed, not only in India proper, but in Burmah, 
and is universally employed for human food. In the 
Deccan, Colonel Sykes says, that the spikes are 
seldom allowed to ripen, while the gram is yet soft 
and milky the spike is taken off. It is fried or 
parched and eaten with ghee and pepper or sugar, 
when the Koonbee and his friends cannot consume 
in this way the produce of a Held the grain is allowed 
to ripen and is ground into flour. Baden Powell ob- 
serves in his “ Punjab products,” that “ Maize grows 
“ everywhere throughout the hills and appears to 
“ flourish just as well in a temperate as in a tropical 
“ climate. At 7,C00 feet or more it is the favourite 
“ cr0 p of the people, and for six months of the year 
“ forms their common staple of food. Although 
“ superseded in the valleys by rice, there is always 
“ a little plot of maize around the cottage of the 
“ peasantry which is reserved for themselves, while 
“ the rice is disposed of to wealthier classes. To 
“ the uplands maize is an admirably suited crop. 
“ It is very hardy, requires little rain, and is rapidly 
“ matured. In sixty days from the day of sowing 
“ the cobs are fit to eat, but the grain will not keep. 
“ Weevils attack it in preference to any other grain, 
“ and it is a populär saying that the life of maize is 
“ only a year long.” 
959. Maize. Nagpur. 
1,486. Maize. G. Bidie. Madras. 
Used chiefly as a luxury; a garden crop. 
Composition in 100 parts :— 
Water - - - 13'50 
Nitrogenous substances - 9'90 
Starch and dextrin - 64 • 50 
Fat - - - 6'70 
Cellulose (from bran) - 0‘40 
Ash 1-40 
8,794-6. Maize. Patna. 
8,795. Maize. Cynthia. 
8,797- Maize. Shahabad. 
6,904-23. Maize. Kattywar. 
6,063. Maize. Dharwar. 
6,082. Maize. Aden. 
6,120, 6,276. Maize. Ahmednuggar. 
6,255. Maize. Mr. V. Fretwell. Khandeish. 
6,283. Maize. Kolkapoor. 
6,295. Maize. Kutch. 
388. Maize. Jumal Rutton of Karachi. 
3,598. Maize. Oude. 
809. Maize. Berar. 
3,404. Maize. Kashmir. 
3,723. Maize. H.H. the Maharajah of Benares. 
855. Maize. Indore. 
3,336-7. Maize, White. Amritsur. 
3,338. Maize, Red. Amritsur. 
3.368. Maize, Palampur. Kangra. 
3.369. Maize, Kulu. Kangra. 
2,265. Maize. India Museum. 
CHOLUM OR JOWAREE. 
Sorghum vulgare. 
This grain is the most universally cultivated of 
any grain in the wet crop, it is in fact (in some 
parts) the principal Support of man and beast. It 
will grow upon most soils, but luxuriates in the 
black soil (Sykes). There are several varieties, but 
principally one with red seeds, and one with white. 
When grown for fodder it is much more thickly 
sown than when' grown as a grain. As a fodder 
plant it is highly esteemed. A single plant found 
growing hy itself is described ‘by Sir John Hearsay 
in the Journal of the A'gri. Hort. Soc. of India for 
1858 which produced 12,700 seeds. Some botanists 
recognise at least three species in cultivation, more 
or less, in India, viz., the present Sorghum vulgare, 
Pers., Sorghum cernuum, W., and Sorghum bicolor, 
Moench, whilst others regard these as mere varieties 
of the one species which is extensively cultivated 
over the World, and exhibits, like all largely cultivated 
plants, a great tendency to Variation. 
955. Jowaree, White. Nagpur. 
956. Jowaree, Black. Nagpur. 
957- Jowaree, Red. Nagpur. 
1.483. Jowaree. G. Bidie. Madras. 
1.484. Jowaree, Yellow. G. Bidie. Madras.