65 
is grouncl into meal and mixed with wheat flour 
made into cakes. The leaves and pods, after the 
seed is removed, are used as fodder. Sir Walter 
Eliot says that this pulse when split is in great and 
general esteem, and forms the most generally used 
article of diet among all classes. It is chiefly 
eaten mixed with riee, a mess known as “khichri ” 
vulgo “ kedjari.” Roxhurgh assigns to it a eom- 
parative value in native estimation after Phaseolus 
radiatus, to which he gives the firsi place, and Cicer 
arietinum, or Chick pea, which he reclcons the second. 
But as far as the general and daily use of the several 
kinds may be taken as an indication of taste, the 
Cajanus, or Pigeon pea, must he considered as 
number one. 
1,525. Cajan Pea. Dr. G. Bidie. Madras. 
Largely eaten in the roasted state, more especially 
by Sepoys on the marcb. Composition in 100 
parts :— 
Water - - - 10" 63 
Nitrogenous substances - 22'18 
Fat - - 1-95 
Stareh - - -62‘13 
Mineralmatters - - 3*11 
958. Toor. Nagpur. 
969. Toor, Dal. Nagpur. 
8,803. Toor. Howrah. 
8,816. Toor. Balasore. 
7,906. Toor. Maunbhoom. 
5,937. Toor. Kattywar. 
5,957. Toor. Baroda. 
6,039, 6,047. Toor. Dharwar. 
(219.) Toor. Surat. 
6,137. Toor. Ahmednuggar. 
6,158. Toor. Nassick. 
6,175. Toor. Beigaum. 
6,216. Toor. Tanna. 
6,225, 6,230. Toor. Mr. V. Fr et well. Khandeish. 
3,564, 3,573. Toor. Oude. 
802. Toor. Berar. 
3,733-4. Toor. H.H the Mabarajah of Benares. 
845. Toor, Dal. Indore. 
3,361. Toor. Amritsur. 
3,385. Toor. Kangra, 
2,200. Toor. India Museum. 
GRAM, or CHICK PEA. 
Cicer arietinum, 
The chick pea is largely cultivated, and much 
esteemed in India as an article of diet, and also as 
food for cattle. There are three distinct varieties 
according to the cölor of the seed ; the white seeded, 
the brown seeded, and the black seeded. The latter 
appears to be by no means common. The natives 
use the seeds parched and ground mixed with wheat 
flour. Split it eonstitutes one of the Dals. The 
green grain eaten raw is called Solaneh. The haulm 
is used as fodder. Colonel Sykes examined a 
middle-sized plant collected at Gunnehgoon, and 
found upon it 116 fine pods, some containing three, 
others two, and some one seed, altogether 170 seeds. 
This pulse does not appear to he much cultivated in 
the hill tracts of the iS'orth. Barnes says a belief is 
current in the hills that “ there is some affinity in 
“ the grain field which attracts the lightning, and, 
“ after a storm he had certainly observed whole 
(8834.) 
“ tracts scorched and destroyed as if by fire.” Some 
attempts have been made to grow gram in Britain, 
but the climate does not seem to he suitable for the 
perfection of the seeds in ordinary seasons, although 
ripe seeds have heen produced. Fine large seeded 
varieties are grown in Spain. 
1,513-4. Gram. Dr. G. Bidie. Madras. 
In the northern parts of India used 
for feeding horses, instead of grain. 
Composition in 100 parts :— 
Water - - - 11*39 
Nitrogenous matter - 22*70 
Fat - - - 3*76 
Stareh - - -63*18 
Mineral matter - - 2 * 60 
947. Gram, Ist sort. Nagpur. 
948. Gram, 2nd sort. Nagpur. 
949. Gram, 3rd sort. Nagpur. 
950. Gram, White. Nagpur. 
976. Gram, Dal. Nagpur. 
8,799. Gram. Dacca. 
3,562, 3,576, 3,618. Gram. Oude. 
5,899, 5,938. Gram. Kattywar. 
5,945, 5,964. Gram. Baroda. 
5,985. Gram. Sattara. 
6,040. Gram. Dharwar. 
6,110. Gram. Surat. 
6,124. Gram. Ahmednuggar. 
6,160. Gram. Nassick. 
6,186. Gram. Beigaum. 
6,212. Gram. Tanna. 
6,221-2. Gram. Mr. V. Fretwell. Khandeish. 
6,275. Gram. Ahmednuggur. 
6,302. Gram. Kutch. 
381. Gram, White. Thawur Hindoo, Sindh. 
3.348. Gram, Black. Amritsur. 
3.349. Gram, White. Amritsur. 
808. Gram. Berar. 
3,719. Gram. H.H. the Maharajah of Benares. 
864. Gram. Indore. 
2,203. Gram. India Museum. 
COMMON PEA. 
Pisum arvense. 
The common grey field pea is common in India. 
In the Deccan, Colonel Sykes States that it is sown 
in October by the hand and brought to perfection 
by the dews in January or February. 
Peas are used precisely in the same manner as 
gram, with the exception of their not being given to 
horses, and not being made into Lashoo (a kind of 
Dal pudding). The haulm and remains of the pods 
are considered good fodder for cattle. The Mahrat- 
tas distinguish three kinds, the grey seeded, dark 
seeded, and white seeded. Although it is generally 
supposed that our common peas originated from a 
Mediterranean stock, the small grey Himalayan 
pea of Lawson’s “ Synopsis ” is there cited as the 
probable origin, as follows : 
“ Its seeds were sent from the Himalaya underthe 
name of Kullaoo, and being from a district of Asia 
which is supposed to have produced many others of 
our most useful cultivated plants, it is not im probable 
but that it may be the origin from which all the 
improved varieties of the pea at present in cultiva- 
tion have been derived.” 
E