96 
EXPOSITION AT VIENNA. 
Of common brick, 2,801,832,000 were made, and 37,- 
428,000 pressed brick and 60,072,000 fire-brick. In 
tbe city of Philadelphia alone, the product is commonly 
believed to exceed one hundred millions (100,000,000) 
annually. 
Terra-Cotta. 
In the industry of architectnral terra-cotta we have a 
revival of a most ancient art, practised by the Egyptiaus, 
Assyriaus, and the Chaldeans; familiär to the Greeks and 
Romans; and not unknown in Europe in the middle ages. 
Terra-cotta enamelled decorated surfaces in colors are also 
ancient. Beckwith says : " The distinctive feature of Baby- 
lonian architecture is the profuse employment of colored dec- 
oration. The temple towers of the Chaldeans were built in 
inany stories, faced with enamelled brieks of colors corres- 
ponding to the planets. In the Temple of the Moon at 
Mughier, brieks or tiles, glazed with a blue enamel, were 
fastened externally to walls of burnt brick. The domestic 
dwellings of the Chaldeans were ornamented externally by 
diapered patterns of colored brieks, and internally with col 
ored cones of terra-cotta.” * The colors used in ancient 
Egyptian decoration were red, yellow, blue and green. 
Black and white were added, 
The greatly increased use of terra-cotta dates from the 
commencement of the last decade, and it has been steadily 
finding favor with architects and the public. When prop- 
erly made it has great strength,—eveu greater than many 
kinds of stone used for buildiug,—and, as regards durability, 
it is superior. Mr. Henry Cole says : " It is more durable 
than even ordiuary granite, as may be seen on the lodge in 
Merrion Square, Dublin, which was built about 1786. The 
granite mouldings there are cut in stone from the Wicklow 
mountains; they are all worn away and rounded by the ac- 
tion of the rain, while Coade’s terra-cottas, dated 1788, are 
as sharp as when they were first placed on this lodge.” f 
Another example is found in Sutton House, in Surrey, which 
is covered with terra-cotta, ornamented about the year 1530 
* Pottery, Terra-Cotta, Stonewure, Fire-Brick, etc., by Arthur Beckwith, p. 86. 
t Reports on the Paris Universal Exhibition, 1867, II., 415.