MAK

Volltext: Ceramic art : a report on pottery, porcelain, tiles, terracotta and brick, with a table of marks and monograms ...

120 
EXPOSITION AT VIENNA. 
interior and exterior surfaces of walls, so as to exclude 
dampness and secure greater warmth. This is of great 
importance, and especially where "furring off” the wall 
is avoided, as it should be for many good reasons. But 
the great cause of dampness, and consequent great cou- 
ducting power of walls, is not likely to be avoided by even 
hollow brick of the best construction, unless access of 
water to the outside and the foundations is prevented by 
imporvious materials. The capillary power of raising 
water in walls is well known, particularly in Paris, where 
dampness has been observed to rise thirty-two feet above 
the foundations. Long, driving rains fully saturate brick 
walls and chimneys, and exudations of water are found 
inside of dwellings about chimneys where no leak can be 
discovered. The capacity of absorption of water by bricks 
is probably not less than a pint to each one. Mr. Chad 
wick, in Ins " Report on Dwellings for the Poor,” says that 
in England common bricks absorb as much as a pint or 
pound of water; and supposes a case of a cottage wall 
consisting of twelve thousand bricks, which would be capa- 
ble of holding fifteen hundred gallons, or six and a half 
tons of water when saturated. To evaporate this would 
require a ton of coal. Sandstone and granite also hold 
quantities of water in their pores. Prof. Ansted states 
that granite, in a dry state, is rarely without a pint and a 
half of water in each cubic foot. Sandstone may contain 
half a gallon, and loose sand two gallons. 
The absorptive capacity of bricks varies with their dens- 
ity, depending upon the process of manufacture. This has 
been shown by Cyrus Chambers, in experiments upon 
bricks made by the machine of his invention and on hand- 
made bricks, the results of which are given in the annexed 
table :—
	        
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