26 
EXPOSITION AT VIENNA. 
When, in 1762, the people of the pottery region petitioned 
Parliament in favor of an Act for a turnpike road, they set 
forth that in Burslem and the neighborhood there were nearly 
one hundred and fifty separate potteries for making various 
kinds of stone and earthen wäre, employing and supporting 
nearly seven thousand people. Many tons of shipping, and 
seamen in proportion, were employed in winter carrying 
materials for the Burslem wäre, and. as much salt was used 
for glazing as paid an animal duty of £5,000 to the govern- 
ment. 
In teil months of 1871 there were 90,412 packages of 
North Staflbrdshiro wäre exported from Liverpool. The 
total value of the exports of porcelain and earthenware from 
the kingdom—the greater part of which was produced in the 
Staffordshire potteries—amounted, in teil months of 1871, to 
£1,423,110 in value. This is about the same as in 1864 and 
1865, the value of the production being in the latter year 
£1,442,000. The animal consumption of coal in the art, in 
1865, was about 450,000 tons, and in 1870, according to 
official returns, 680,000 tons. To color the clay and print 
the wäre, in 1865, about 67,000 pounds of oxide of cobalt 
were used, and 1,100 tons of borax and boracic acid in glaz 
ing, and 12,000 ounces of gold in gilding. About 4,500 
tons of calcined bones from South America were consumed 
annually. In 1861, 40,697 persons were engaged in the 
manufacture. 
English porcelain is said to differ from either thepdte dure 
or the pAte tendre of the French, and, to a certain extent, to 
combine the qualities of both. A high degree of trans- 
lucency is obtained by the use of phosphate of lime. It is 
not as plastic as hard porcelain, but may be cast, moulded, 
or turned easily in the ordinary ways. It combines well with 
the frits of the pale tendre, and with glazes adapted to colored 
decoratioijs. 
The exhibitors deserve great credit for their liberal repre- * 
sentation of the industry, by sending to such a great distance 
so many bulky and fragile objects of great value. The more 
important of the collections will now be briefly uoticed.