46
EXPOSITION AT VIENNA.
became deformed by its weight, drawing it away from the
sides of the mould. To overcome this difficulty the large
moulds were encased in an air-tigbt jacket of slieet iron,
within wkich the air was exhausted previous to the decauta-
tion, thereby causing the deposited film to adhere firmly to
the sides of the porous plaster. This improvement was
cited in 1867, by M. Dommartin, as one of the advances
made in the art of mauufacturing hard porcelain.* A large
vase made in this manner was exhibited at Paris in 1867.
ExTENT OP THE InDUSTRY IN FRANCE.
The following data regarding the pottery and porcelain
industry of France are drawn from the report by Messrs.
Salvetat and Dommartin in- 1867. Clay, for pottery pur-
poses, is found in almost every part of France. The best
china clays are found at St. Yrieix, near Limoges ; but the
kaolins of the Pyrenees, the Cher and the Allier are largely
used. The manufacture of porcelain is carried on in three
districts. 1. Limousin, which comprises Haute Vienne and
the Creuse. At Limoges, in this district, there were more
. than thirty white china works. 2. Berry, including the
works of Cher, Allier, Nievre and Indre. These works pro-
duce chiefly white china and articles of common use. 3. Paris
and its environs and Champagne. The productions of Paris
are varied. The fancy articles known as Artic\es de Paris,
such as flowers, cups, baskets, etc., are made by -several
small makers. Others produce biseuit-ware, or articles for
mounting in ormolu, bronze or carved wood, sucTi as lamps
and tazzas. Many persons receive white porcelain from. the
trade, and decorate it according to the demand of the day.
Although not confined to Paris, it may be regarded as essen-
tially Parisian.
Earthenware is made in Paris, at Beauvais, and in some
parts of Normandy. Fine faience is made chiefly at Creil,
Montereau, Sarreguemines, Choisy le Boi, Gien and Bor
deaux. Artistic faience has its centre in Paris and its envi
rons. In 1867, Messrs. Salvetat and Dommartin poiuted out
that in the manufacture of faience, steam power tendod to
Rapports du Jury Internationale, iii. 171.’
