52 
ART EDUCATION. 
Tliis excellent work has also naturalized itself in most of the 
German and Austrian sckools, and is especially used to practice 
outline-drawing in systematic progress from geometrical ground- 
forms to curvilinear ornament; at the same time it öfters au 
opportunity to give the pupils simple exercises witli the brash in 
laying flat tints. When a certain dexterity of eoneeption and of 
technical execution has been reached, object-drawing is taken up, 
beginning with geometrical forms, but immediately passing on to 
Ornaments in plaster, at first in outline, and by degrees in shading. 
For tliis purpose there were executed in the modelling Institu 
tion of the Royal Wurtemberg Central Bureau for Industry and 
Commerce, a series of more than four hundred plaster models, 
which are also arranged progressively, beginning with straight-line 
geometrical forms, and then, from the simplest leaves, passing on 
to richly developed Ornaments which are composed for given 
spaces, thus showing their eventual practical application. In 
style, the motives belong almost exelusively to the Renaissance, 
a few only having been selected from the Gothic and the older 
antique styles. 
To aid in the transition from conventionalized to natural plant- 
forms, casts of plants, &c., liave also been admitted into the Col 
lection. For figure-drawing there is a collection of casts from 
antique busts, torsos, limbs, reliefs, and small statuettes ; a series 
of models for the study of theoretical forms has likewise been 
added. A large part of this excellent collection was on exhibi- 
tion, together with an illustrated price-list. 
The drawings from casts are executed. throughout with crayon 
or charcoal upon white paper, the tint being earried up to the high- 
est light. Tliis method is in use almost universally in Germany, 
altliough it entails the greatest waste of time, and the tinted paper 
of the French would be preferable. Occasionally the execution 
was masterly, and the patience of the pupils in minutely stippling 
out the tints in backgrounds, sometimes a foot square* compelled 
admiration, coupled, however, with regret for the time spent 
upon thcm. The most extraordinary feat in this respect had been 
achieved by the scliool at Rottenberg, wliere the whole ground- 
surface in large decorative pieces for panels had been filled in with 
an even grain. This dwelling too long upon the form in geneial,