74 
ART EDÜCAT10N. 
These methods banish all mechanical aids, and aim at the 
education of the eye, as well as of the hand. As a basis for the 
copies in question, which are exemplary as far as method is con- 
cerned, the “ Little Draughtsman,” by F. W. Tretau, professor 
in Chemnitz, has been used, while, for the ornamental forms, the 
works of Herdtle and Weishaupt have principally been drawn 
upon. The results of instruction in drawing in the Real-School at 
Zwickau deserved the füllest praise in every respect. In the higher 
classes of this school, the transmutation of forms, as an exercise 
in composition, is also practiced with very good success. By 
filling in the intermediate spaces between the flat ornamental 
designs, the drawing receives a more lively appearance, and, at 
the same time, the pupil is given an opportunity to accustom him- 
self to the use of the brush. In the first dass of the same Insti 
tution, drawing is practiced from the Dresden casts, 1 on paper of a 
light tint, color being again used to subdue the backgrdund. The 
Girls’ Improvement School of the same place submitted very cred- 
itable specimens. 
The specimens by the pupils of the Real-School in Chemnitz 
were less attractive, no definite plan of instruction being apparent 
in them. Among the specimens there were also studies of the 
effects of light and shade on geometrical bodies, executed on a 
large scale in crayon, which takes a good deal of the time of the 
pupils, and is of little use to them. The Citizens’ School of 
Werdau, and the State School of Planitz, on the contrary, had 
very pretty specimens to show, which permitted a clear insight 
into the course of instruction. 
The specimens of drawing exhibited by the schools of Dresden 
made it evident, that in the Capital of the country, more than else- 
where, this branch of instruction is still very unsystematically 
cultivated. Flowers, painted landscapes, even whole human fig- 
ures, were to be met with in the lowest classes; besides these 
subjects, projection and perspective are practiced, which ought not 
to be expected of children of such tender years. The school of 
the eighth district probably went farthest astray in this direction, 
as it exhibited large heads after Julien (stumped) together with 
These casts are described on p. 75. — Transl.