GERMAN Y. 
77 
will awaken a feeling for form; and to reach tliis end it will 
also be necessary to introduce a better taste into the toj’s manu- 
factured for commerce, so as to educate the eye to a feeling for 
the beautifnl. In the Saxonian Ore-Mountains, this industry has 
been traditional among the people for hundreds of years, and its 
produce is scattered all over the world. The Commission alluded 
to is endeavoring gradually to improve it, — a beautiful idea, 
which deserves full recognition. 
It has been before remarked, that the absence of the work of 
the pupils of the Saxonian Improvement Schools was greatly to be 
regretted. The careful attention paid to drawing in the Industrial 
Schools of Saxony was made apparent by the report of the Royal 
Saxonian Educational Administration (pp. 27-33), previously 
cited, in which the Organization of the various institutions, their 
division into categories, &c., was explained in detail. 
Hessia. — The Grand Duchy of Hessia exhibited almost rioth- 
ing but specimens bj- the pupils of the Artisans’ and Improvement 
Schools. These institutions, the first of which were opened in 
Darmstadt, Mayence, and Giessen in 1838, have increased consid- 
erably since then, so that now each little town in the country pos- 
sesses one of them. The attendance is voluntary everywhere; 
and, until quite lately, the instruction, to which apprentices and 
journeymen are admitted, was gratuitous; at present, the pupils 
are charged a moderate tuition-fee (six to thirty kreutzers per 
month), but the notoriously poor are exempted from its payment, 
and in some of the schools are even provided with the necessary 
writing and drawing materials free öf Charge. 
The main stress in instruction is laid upon technical drawing, 
to which are added the other branches, such as geometry, arith- 
metic, style, &c., with refefence to practical wants. In view of 
the shortness of time, the schools confine themselves to that which 
is the most necessary and useful for the working-man, w r hile the 
branches of edncation of lesser importanee are passed over. No 
premiums are given to the pupils; but every year their work is 
submitted to a special Commission, by whom it is examined, and 
reported upon. The general part of this report is published, 
while the part devoted to special criticism is communicated confi- 
dentially to the school-committees and teachers.