GERM AN Y.
81
Instruction is given daily from eiglit o’clock in the morning
until seven in the evening, with the necessary intermissions.
In the General Industrial School there are also three additional
courses of elementar}' drawing for boys.
Yearly exhibitions of the work of the pupils are lield at Easter,
but no premiums or other marks of distinction are distributed.
In the united institutions there are at present employed, besides
the director, 18 teaehers, and 15 assistant teachers. The number
of pupils rose to 1161 in the winter half-year of 1872-73. This
number is sufiicient evidence of the practical management of the
institution, but its exeellent reputation is mainly owing to its
success in drawing.
The metliod of elementar}' instruction may be briefly stated as
follows : The pupils begin with drawing in squares, practicing the
straight line in the various directions, in its combination in frets,
borders, &c., progressing gradually to more complicated star-
shaped flgures. The teacher draws upon the blackboard, which is
divided into squares, the pupils at the same time drawing upön
slates, and at a later period into books. This is followed up by a
short but thorough exercise: 1, changing a flgure into its oppo-
site; 2, transformation of the opposites; and, 3, combining new
forms. Finally the teacher also eauses the pupils to draw figures
into the squares, from flgures which he has drawn upon the black
board without squares. At this stage the instruction therefore
adheres in general to the principles of Fröbel.
The next tliing is drawing from printed wall-charts, at first in
classes, then in sections, and at last individually. Instruction in
drawing is separated from systematic instruction in the knowledge
of form. The wall-charts offer only plane flgures in front view,
and without guiding-lines. The latter must be found by the
pupils themselves under the direction of the teacher. A com-
mencement is made with straight-line figures, which are drawn
simultaneously upon the blackboard by the teacher (from Dr.
Stuhlmann’s Wall-Charts), and these are followed up by curvi-
linear ornamental forms (from the Wall-Charts by H. Wohlien). 1
When the pupils have acquired the necessary skill in these
1 Accordipg to a private communication H, -Wolilien’s charts only will he
used in future.
6
