AMERICAN PREFACE. 
xi 
ART-INDUSTRIAL EDUCATIOX ELSEWHERE. 
But the movement in favor of art-industrial education is by 
no means limited to England, France, Germany, and Austria ; it 
pervades all Europe, — the small states as well as the large. 
Even Ru'ssia forms no exception; within the last eleven years 
she has established various art-schools modelled after the English, 
and it is said that they liave “ greatly stimulated and improved 
the national taste.” 1 There is, indeed, but one opinion through- 
out Europe as to the importance of art-industrial education, and 
as to the wisdom of making it universal. In this connection it is 
well to note that the methods adopted by England for promoting 
this education are generally imitated. Even France, so long the 
leader of the world in matters of art, has of late been taking les- 
sons of her neighbor across the channel. 
GREAT RELATIVE INCREASE OF THE MANUFACTURING POPULATION. 
This decided change in the aspect of affairs is not due to 
caprice, but to universal and abiding influences which fully justify 
things of common life, no taste was shown. But now, witliin a few years, 
and espeeially since the Universal Exposition, and the establishment of muse- 
ums and schools, liiere has heen a remarkable improvement. 
“ Allow me to say, gentlemen, that a sincere friend should speak the truth; 
and that as a sincere friend of America, who has the greatest sympathy for 
its people, in whose conntry X liave learned, since my short stay of six 
months, a great deal, and where I hope to learn mueh more, — it is my duty 
to say to them, in all truth and candor, that their public taste is in the same 
awful condition as was the public taste in England before their great exhibi- 
tion of 1851.” 
1 In 1872, Prof. T. C. Archer, of the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, 
attended the Polytechnie Exhibition hehl at Moscow; and, from bis report to 
the English Science and Art Department of the Committee of Council on 
Education, the following paragraph is taken: — 
“ Group No. 1(> may be represented as a manufactory of ornamental plate 
in silver and silver gilt. Besides a splendid display in what may be termed 
the show-room, there are two very roomy and well fitted np Workshops, in 
which the artisans may he seen working in the riehly wrought and characteris- 
tic Slavonie designs, which are so notable in the plate produced in Moscow by, 
the great firms of gold and silver smiths. The schools of art established abont 
eight years ago, on the model of t.hose at South Kensington, have, under the- 
direction of Mr. Bowtoffski, greatly stimulated and improved the national 
taste, and have espeeially led it to accept the pure Slavonie models, of which 
the imperial treasury in the Ivremlin contains such an abundance of the best 
examples.” r