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FRANCE. 105 
occnrred every two years on the occasion of the exhibitions of the 
“Union de Beaux Arts; ” besides which the commune put a 
number of medals, proportioned to the number of scholars, at the 
disposal of the directors of the drawing-schools, which were 
distributed by the teachers among the most industrious pupils. 
For the purpose of animating the adults (assistants, journeymen, 
&c.), and of keeping up tlieir interest in their own education, 
yearly competitions, with prizes, were likewise established for 
them. 1 
The special schools existing in France are also reviewed very 
thoroughly by M. Greard. He endeavors, by examples, to give 
an insight into the condition of general and special instruction in 
the various institutions ; and, taking as a basis the Systems upon 
which the schools now existing at Creuzot, Nantes, Havre, and 
Paris are organized, he sketches the programme for a model 
school, which appears to be in harmony with the demänds of the 
times and the necessities of Paris. In conclusion, the author 
recommends that the government establish such a school in Paris 
immediately, this school to serve as a model for all tliose to be 
organized in future ; that the people be requested by the govern 
ment to cause the apprentices to frequent the schools provided for 
them ; that the government Subvention the industrial schools sup- 
ported by associations, and that it employ all possiblc means for 
the development of whatever eise of drawing-schools there may be 
in existence. The leading authorities have carried out tliese 
wislies to the füllest extent, and, by a series of enactments, have 
given evidence that, even in the midst of the worst political 
struggles, they have not lost sight of art-industrial education, but 
that, on the contrary, they seek to restore the prosperity of the 
country by its means. 
As a “ Reglement General sur l’Enseignement du Dessin dans 
1 Tlie regulations still in force are as follows: Of eaeli twenty-five sekol- 
ars, tliree, wlio have been selected by tlieir professor according to tlieir 
progress, are perniitted to take part in tlie eonipetition. Tlie pupils of tlie 
different schools nieet at a place designated by tlie adniinistration, and are 
required to execute two drawings linder surveillance: first, a copy of an 
Ornament froni tlie fiat; and secoudly, a copy of an oriiainentfroin a cast. Tliree 
prizes and six lionorable inentions are giveu yearly. Each inedal is acconipa- 
nied by a dipkmia sigued by the prefect.