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ART  EDUCATION.

workmen.  It  is  to  be  expected  that  the  other  manufacturing  cities
will  follow  this  example.
Turning  now  to  a  closer  inspection  of  the  work  of  the  pupils,
we  may  premise,  that  the  drawings  throughout  were  animated  by  a
fresh  artistic  spirit,  and  that  in  the  preparatory  classes,  where  drawing
  is  taught  in  the  proper  sense  of  the  word,  the  course  of  instruction
  is  quite  correct.  We  were  unable  to  comprehend,  however,
why,  in  view  of  the  pronounced  tendencies  of  the  school,  copies.
frorn  old  French  Ornaments  in  crayon  should  still  occur  here  and
there,  as  the  style  of  these  Ornaments  is  diametrically  opposed  to  the
square,  exact  character  of  the  flat  Russian  models.  But  it  must
be  remarked,  that  the  works  published  by  the  Museum  öfter  nothing ­
  very  striking  in  the  way  of  examples  for  the  study  of  execution  ;
and  it  may  be,  therefore,  that  the  French  examples  are  simply
used  as  models  of  treatment.  The  drawings  of  the  higher  classes,
from  Byzantine  and  old  Russian  models,  were  exceedingly  good.
The  decorative  studies  (in  body  colors)  were  treated  with  great
technical  skill;  the  style  exhibited  a  tolerably  free  application  of
Russian  national  elements.  But  the  strength  of  the  school  was
shown  in  the  drawings  of  vessels,  ecclesiastical  Utensils,  frames,
&c.,  for  execution  in  precious  metals,  which  is  quite  natural,  considering
  that  Moscow  is  the  principal  seat  of  the  goldsmiths.  In
the  drawings  of  furniture,  the  ground-forms  (quite  correctly,  by  the
way)  adhere  to  the  modern  German  and  French  fashions,  while
the  preciseness  of  the  national  style  appears  only  in  the  ornamentation.
  The  very  beautiful  calligraphie  specimens  also  deserve
to  be  mentioned.  Designing  for  textile  fabrics  is  likewise  practiced
  very  thoroughly,  but  it  leaves  much  to  be  desired  in  regard  to
harmony  of  colors.  In  this  branch  French  flowers  were  again
to  be  met  with  in  the  designs.
Geometrical  drawing  is  practiced  very  thoroughly  in  the  elementary
  courses,  and  projections  and  perspective  are  also  treated
very  comprehensively  ;  these  subjects  are  succeeded  by  the  special
courses  of  architecture  and  machine-building,  in  both  of  which
branches  very  good  specimens  were  submitted.  The  verclict  on
figure-drawing  must  be  less  favorable;  Julien’s  examples  are
copied  in  crayon  on  white  paper,  and  too  much  value  is  attached
to  shading.  The  drawings  from  casts  were  treated  too  much  like