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ART  EDÜCATION.

which  the  theoretical  department  is  equal  to  the  same  department
in  other  European  High  Schools,  the  practical  instruction  being
added  only  to  complement  the  theoretical  knowledge.  For  this
purpose  the  institution  is  connected  with  a  machine-shop,  employing
  paid  day-laborers,  in  which  Orders  for  steam-engines,  pumps,
and  other  agricultural  machinery  are  executed. 1
Unfortunately,  for  want  of  space,  only  fragments  of  the  various
categories  of  aids  for  teaching  could  be  exhibited;  which  was  to  be
regretted,  as  the  incompleteness  of  the  Exhibition  made  it  impossible
  to  gain  a  full  and  clear  comprehension  of  the  pedagogical  bearings
  of  this  feature  of  the  school.  According  to  the  arrangement
adopted,  the  aids  for  teaching  for  the  different  branches  are  divided
into  three  groups  :  the  first  comprising  those  tools  with  which  the
apprentice  is  to  make  himself  familiär  before  he  commences  to
work,  and  the  use  of  which  is  to  be  shown  to  him  while  working;
the  second  category  embracing  a  Collection  of  models,  intended  to
teach,  systematically  and  progressively,  the  various  knacks  which
must  be  learned  in  each  special  branch;  the  last  group,  finally,
being  formed  of  objects,  or  parts  of  objects,  in  the  production  of
which  all  the  various  manipulations  occur,  which  were  practiced
in  the  previous  courses. 2
Suffice  it  to  remark  here,  that  these  excellent  collections  were
most  favorably  criticised  by  the  specialists  at  the  Exhibition,  and
that  the  school,  during  the  four  years  of  its  existence,  has  worked
with  splendid  success  in  accordance  with  the  System  just  sketched.
The  arrangement  of  the  Exhibition  was  exemplary  ;  and  the  director
of  the  institution,  M.  Victor  Della-Voss,  was  present  to  give  any
further  Information  that  might  be  demanded.
The  Polytechnical  School  of  St.  Petersburg  ranks  as  a  High
school  since  1864;  and  practical  execution  is  also  taught  quite
extensively  in  this  institution,  with  only  this  difference,  that  more
play  has  been  given  to  the  Chemical  faculty.  Only  Standard
models  for  machine-building,  executed  with  mathematical  precis-1
  The  shop  produees  maehines  to  the  yearly  value  of  one  hundred  thousand
florius.  Some  of  its  produetions  were  exhibited  in  the  Machine  Hall.
2  A  detailed  list  of  the  tools,  &e.,  exhibited  by  the  Moscow  Technical
School  may  be  found  in  the  original  report  by  Prof.  Langl.  The  list  has  been
omitted  here,  as  it  does  not  bear  directly  upon  the  subject  of  art-education.
Transl.