132 
ART EDÜCATION. 
which the theoretical department is equal to the same department 
in other European High Schools, the practical instruction being 
added only to complement the theoretical knowledge. For this 
purpose the institution is connected with a machine-shop, employ- 
ing paid day-laborers, in which Orders for steam-engines, pumps, 
and other agricultural machinery are executed. 1 
Unfortunately, for want of space, only fragments of the various 
categories of aids for teaching could be exhibited; which was to be 
regretted, as the incompleteness of the Exhibition made it impossi- 
ble to gain a full and clear comprehension of the pedagogical bear- 
ings of this feature of the school. According to the arrangement 
adopted, the aids for teaching for the different branches are divided 
into three groups : the first comprising those tools with which the 
apprentice is to make himself familiär before he commences to 
work, and the use of which is to be shown to him while working; 
the second category embracing a Collection of models, intended to 
teach, systematically and progressively, the various knacks which 
must be learned in each special branch; the last group, finally, 
being formed of objects, or parts of objects, in the production of 
which all the various manipulations occur, which were practiced 
in the previous courses. 2 
Suffice it to remark here, that these excellent collections were 
most favorably criticised by the specialists at the Exhibition, and 
that the school, during the four years of its existence, has worked 
with splendid success in accordance with the System just sketched. 
The arrangement of the Exhibition was exemplary ; and the director 
of the institution, M. Victor Della-Voss, was present to give any 
further Information that might be demanded. 
The Polytechnical School of St. Petersburg ranks as a High 
school since 1864; and practical execution is also taught quite 
extensively in this institution, with only this difference, that more 
play has been given to the Chemical faculty. Only Standard 
models for machine-building, executed with mathematical precis- 
1 The shop produees maehines to the yearly value of one hundred thousand 
florius. Some of its produetions were exhibited in the Machine Hall. 
2 A detailed list of the tools, &e., exhibited by the Moscow Technical 
School may be found in the original report by Prof. Langl. The list has been 
omitted here, as it does not bear directly upon the subject of art-education. 
Transl.