SW  EDEN  AND  NORWAY.

147

Exeellent  specimens  by  pupils  of  this  dass  of  schools  were
exhibited  by  Gothenburg. 1  In  the  Higher  Middle  Schools  of  this
city,  drawing  begins  with  Salomann’s  wall-charts,  and  then  passes
on”  to  drawing  from  geometrical  solids,  with  yery  good  success  ;
this  is  followed  up  by  figure  and  Ornament  drawing,  mostly  from
French  copies.  In  spite  of  the  many  pedagogical  defects  of  these
Originals,  there  were  specimens  among  the  drawings  of  very  superior
execution.  The  wliole  Exhibition,  perhaps,  had  no  copies  to  show
in  two  crayons  from  Julien’s  heads,  which  were  executed  as  neatly
as  these  ;  the  drawings  from  casts  (the  Stuttgart  collection),  and
other  studies  from  plastic  objects,  gave  evidence  of  a  proper  understanding
  of  the  forms  ;  besides  these  there  were  also  found  landscapes
  after  Calame  and  other  good  masters.  Linear  drawing  is
limited  to  the  most  necessary  elements  of  planimetry  and  stereometry.
  The  Middle  School  at  Oerebro  was  also  represented  by
similarly  good  results  in  freehand  drawing.
The  best,  however,  which  had  been  submitted  by  Sweden  in  the
way  of  drawings,  came  from  the  School  of  the  Industrial  Society
at  Gothenburg.  This  institution  was  founded  in  1848  by  an
association  of°  manufacturers,  for  the  purpose  of  providing  an
opportunity  for  the  working-men  in  the  various  trades  to  improve
themselves  in  the  most  necessary  technical  and  artistic  branches.
The  means  not  being  sufficient  for  a  more  efflcacious  development
of  the  school,  in  accordance  with  the  demand  of  the  times,  and  as
the  necessity  for  the  school  was  recognized  on  all  sides,  the  commune ­
  interested  itself  in  it  in  1865,  and  enlarged  its  sphere  in  all
directions.  The  school  is  still  immediately  under  the  control  of
the  Industrial  Society,  which  always  elects  its  director.  The  instruction
  is  general,  "and  the  term  lasts  from  Sept.  15  to  the  month
of  May  following.  In  drawing,  the  following  branches  are  taught:
freehand  drawing,  decorative  painting,  perspective,  linear  drawing ­
  (geometry),  machine  drawing,  architectural  drawing,  and
modelling.
Instruction  in  freehand  drawing  is  given  in  four  classes,  each
dass  corresponding  to  the  capacities  of  its  pupils,  and  each  taught
by  a  separate  teacher;  in  case  of  overcrowding,  the  classes  are

1  In  the  attic  of  the  schoolhouse.