SW EDEN AND NORWAY.
147
Exeellent specimens by pupils of this dass of schools were
exhibited by Gothenburg. 1 In the Higher Middle Schools of this
city, drawing begins with Salomann’s wall-charts, and then passes
on” to drawing from geometrical solids, with yery good success ;
this is followed up by figure and Ornament drawing, mostly from
French copies. In spite of the many pedagogical defects of these
Originals, there were specimens among the drawings of very superior
execution. The wliole Exhibition, perhaps, had no copies to show
in two crayons from Julien’s heads, which were executed as neatly
as these ; the drawings from casts (the Stuttgart collection), and
other studies from plastic objects, gave evidence of a proper under-
standing of the forms ; besides these there were also found land-
scapes after Calame and other good masters. Linear drawing is
limited to the most necessary elements of planimetry and stere-
ometry. The Middle School at Oerebro was also represented by
similarly good results in freehand drawing.
The best, however, which had been submitted by Sweden in the
way of drawings, came from the School of the Industrial Society
at Gothenburg. This institution was founded in 1848 by an
association of° manufacturers, for the purpose of providing an
opportunity for the working-men in the various trades to improve
themselves in the most necessary technical and artistic branches.
The means not being sufficient for a more efflcacious development
of the school, in accordance with the demand of the times, and as
the necessity for the school was recognized on all sides, the com
mune interested itself in it in 1865, and enlarged its sphere in all
directions. The school is still immediately under the control of
the Industrial Society, which always elects its director. The in-
struction is general, "and the term lasts from Sept. 15 to the month
of May following. In drawing, the following branches are taught:
freehand drawing, decorative painting, perspective, linear draw
ing (geometry), machine drawing, architectural drawing, and
modelling.
Instruction in freehand drawing is given in four classes, each
dass corresponding to the capacities of its pupils, and each taught
by a separate teacher; in case of overcrowding, the classes are
1 In the attic of the schoolhouse.
