SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 
153 
in Madrid, and is still engaged in tke completion of bis work, of 
whieh only six parts have so far appeared. 
We must also mention N. Valde’s “Manual for the Engineer 
and the Arehiteet,” and Artemis Perez’ “Academy of Artil- 
lery” (Madrid, 1868), as belonging to the more important works 
on constructive drawing, and more especially on machine drawing. 
For topographical and map drawing an excellent gnide is 
offered in the beautifully gotten up work, “ Topographical Draw 
ing,” by M. Rindavaets. Of the higher technical schools there 
were only to be seen specimens by the pupils of the ‘ ‘ School 
of Industrial Engineers” at Barcelona. Tliey consisted almost 
exclusively of machine drawings, and may be called superior in 
every respect. 
A teacher at the same institution, D. Joaquin Mata, also 
exhibited a work entitled “Course of Industrial Drawing,” in 
■whieh geometry and its application to arekitecture and machine- 
building is very beautifully treated ; the part on freekand drawing 
is less commendable, as it is merely made up of copies of older 
French Originals. 
Whatever eise there was of linear drawing, was of older date 
and of but little importance, so that it may properly be ignored 
here. 
Portugal. — Little Portugal had taken much better care than 
Spain to represent her educational affairs at the Exhibition, although 
the reproach must again be repeated, that very insuffleient Provis 
ion had been made to supply the necessary Information concern- 
ing the objects exhibited, and that the reporter was tkerefore 
compelled to make many a journey in vain. 
Portugal had a schoolhouse at the Exhibition; and in it there 
were to be seen the usual aids for teaching, together witli various 
specimens by the pupils. The impression made by the wdiole was 
satisfactory; but the Statistical and legal details were wanting, 
whieh would have enabled a closer examination, and whieh had 
elsewhere been furnished in the shape of tables or pahiphlets. 
The reporter could only glean some of the more important points 
relating to the educational System of Portugal from the “ Gazeta 
Pedagogica” of Lisbon, whieh was on exhibition among other