AMERICAN P RE FACE. 
XXI 
the legislature lias just enacted a law requiring industrial drawing 
to be taught in all the principal public scliools of the State. 1 
Again : the Situation is much the same in Pennsylvania, as shown 
by the following figures from the census for 1870 : — 
Total population 3,521,951 
Engaged in all occupations 1,020,544 
Engaged in agriculture 200,051 
Engaged in Professional and personal Services . . . 283,000 
Engaged in trade and trausportation 121,253 
Engaged in niannfacturing, meclianieal, and mining industries 350,240 
Tims agriculture absorbs but one-quarter of the employed 
population, wliile a little more than one-third are engaged in 
manufacturing, mechanical, and mining industries. Even without 
anlicipating a further relative increase of her artisan classes, Penn 
sylvania has already reason enough for making liberal provision for 
the industrial education of her people. 
Let us, lastlj - , eonsider the following figures from the census of 
1870, whicli exhibit the general Situation in Illinois: — 
Total population 2,539,891 
Engaged in all occupations 742,015 
Engaged in agriculture 376,441 
Engaged in Professional and personal Services . . 151,931 
Engaged in trade and transportation .... 80,422 
Engaged in manufacturing, meclianieal, and mining industries 133,221 
1 The following, introduced by Hon. Warner Miller of Herkimer County, 
lias become a law of New York: — 
AN ACT RELATING TO FREE INSTRUCTION IN DRAWING. 
The People of the State of Neio York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do 
enact as follows: — 
Section 1. Tn eaeli of the State normal scliools the course of study sliall 
embraee instruetion in industrial or freeliand drawing. 
Skct. 2. The board of education of eaeli city in tliis State sball cause free 
instruetion to be given in industrial or freeband drawing iu at least one 
department of the schools linder tlieir Charge. 
Sect. 3. The board of education of eaeli Union free scliool district, and in 
each scliool district incorporated by special act of the legislature, sliall cause 
free instruetion to be given in industrial or freeliand drawing in the scliools 
under tlieir Charge, unless excused tberefrom by the Superintendent of public 
instruetion. 
Sect. 4. This act sball take effect October first, eigbteen liundred and 
seventy-five.