e 
INTRODUCTION. 
likewise expanded its wings more and more powerfully, and contributed 
not a little towards the elucidation of the sesthetic conceptions of our 
time. 
The world followed this revolution in industry with increasing interest, 
at the subsequent exhibitions which have been held in the course of the 
past twenty years at Paris and at London ; but on these oceasions criti- 
cism was compelled to judge by results only, as the causes of the revolution, 
which are to be found in instruction, could not be investigated, for want 
of the necessary material. This demand was, however, fully satisfied by 
the World’s Fair of 1873; as nearly all the states represented in the 
domain of industry wero also represented in the department of art-eduea- 
tion, and each state had endeavored to illustrate the eft'orts it is mak- 
ing in this direction. 
In working up the vast material displayed by the various countries 
in the shape of specimens by the pupils, aids for teaching, &c., the 
reporter found himself compelled to notice also the achievements of 
industry as forming the actual starting-point of the efforts under re- 
view; and he believes himself to be all the more justifled in this trans- 
gression of the limits of Ins department, as it presented the only w 7 ay 
by which a correct judgment on the subject of instruction could be 
arrived at. 
By far the greater part of the objects exhibited in the section allotted 
to the reporter had reference to art-industrial instruction. The rest 
pertained to the general schools in which art-instruction ought to be 
inade an integral part of general education, and drawing should be used 
to awaken the sesthetic feeling more universally than heretofore. As 
this problem is still everywhere waiting for its positive Solution, and as 
our own time, more than any other, is strenuously at work upon its elu 
cidation, the reporter has endeavored, as far as possible, to show the 
present position of this braneh of instruction in the various countries. 
Next to the laws, enactments, &c., concerning the subject, he has there- 
fore directed his attention principally to the forms and the methods 
employed in its study. A short characterization of the copies, models, 
&c., in use may serve to complete the picture. 
The reporter believes it unnecessary to call attention to the fact, that 
cerning the lives and the works of the artists of the past, has been marvellous, 
especially of late years. It also lays great stress upon the comparative study 
of art, and has therefore been of great Service in the elucidation of the ques- 
tion of style, not only in its application to nations and periods, but also to 
individual artists. Its ultimate ahn must of course be, to deduce those 
general laws, which will enable us to comprehend art in its essence and in its 
historical development.— Transl.