AUSTRIA.

15

have  developed  in  producing  the  requisite  eopies,  deserves  honorable
  mention.  Numerous  works  following  the  correct  principle,
and  therefore  sliowing  but  unimportant  differences,  were  exhibited
in  the  shape  of  unpublished  drawings,  alongside  of  others  already
published.  In  the  first  stages  of  instruction  the  stigmographic
method  is  frequently  employed  with  good  success.
In  the  Citizens’  Schools  drawing  is  carried  on  less  uniformly,  and
the  choice  of  examples  in  some  of  these  institutions,  especially  in
Bohemia,  is  to  be  censured  ;  on  the  contrary,  the  Moravian,  Silesian,
  and  Austrian  schools  of  this  dass  exhibited  mostly  good
work.
In  the  Training-Schools  for  Teachers,  where  stress  must  be  laid
above  all  upon  outline  Ornament,  and  where  blackboard-drawing
in  this  branch  must  be  practiced,  due  attention  is  generally  paid
to  these  requirements  ;  but  old  eopies  of  Ornaments  without  definite ­
  style  are  still  frequently  in  use,  and  sometimes  shaded  heads
are  drawn  from  old  French  examples,  which  tend  to  hinder  the
study  of  exact  form,  rather  than  to  advance  it.  The  German
Training  School  for  Teachers,  of  Prague,  exhibited  the  correct
course  of  instruction  in  a  most  exemplary  manner  by  means  of
work  done  by  its  pupils.
Nearly  all  the  Real-Schools  were  represented  by  superior
specimens,  those  of  Vienna  taking  the  lead.  The  methods  of
teaching  are  pretty  much  the  same  everywhere,  showing  only
minor  differences  which  are  owing  to  the  individualities  of  the
teachers,  and  frequently  also  to  local  circumstances.  The  better
of  the  later  French  drawing-copies,  as  well  as  the  models,  &c.,
published  by  the  Austrian  Museum  of  Art  and  Industry,  have
been  introduced  very  generally.  In  the  Bohemian  Real-Schools,
which  are  still  organized  according  to  the  old  System,  architectural
and  topographical  drawing  are  still  carried  on  to  excess.  The
results  of  freehand  drawing  were  good  on  the  average;  but  it  was
remarkable,  that,  for  the  drawings  from  casts  in  two  crayons,
paper  of  much  too  dark  a  color  had  been  chosen  almost  throughout,
  which  allows  only  of  a  hard  and  constrained  rendering  of  the
forms.  In  the  choice  of  technical  means,  the  French  must  still
serve  as  models  to  all  the  world.
Many  of  the  schools,  prominently  among  them  those  of  Prague,