16 
ART EDV CATION. 
hat! also made a clear exhibit of the course of instruction. A 
few of the institutions of Eastern and North-Eastern Bohemia 
had, howevev, misapprehended the purposes of the exhibition, and 
had sent show-pieces, among which the most monstrous mistakes 
were occasionally to be found in regard to taste, and the pcda- 
gogical training of the feeling for forms. As a general thing, 
ornamental drawing is prosecuted more correctly than tigure-draw- 
ing, a state of affairs which is but too often occasioned by the 
absence of good copies. Outline studies of naturalistic treatment, 
for the first stages, through which the pupil might gradually be 
led towards the tempered beauty of the antique, are still wanting 
everywhere, as kas been observed before. The road through 
Julien’s “ Etudes d’apres 1’Antique” does not sliow favorable 
results. The forms in tkemselves are too insipid to be able to 
stimulate, and the execution is too mannered to be useful in this 
respect. Execution, in figure-drawing especially, by reason of the 
great variety encountered in it, is very diflicult to acquire by empiii- 
cal study, while description alone can never lead to its compre- 
hension. It is therefore doubly necessary that the best models 
should be provided. The success attained when good drawings 
by the teachers, or photographs from such, had been made use of, 
was often astonishing. Thus far the “ Cours de Dessin, bj Cb. 
Bargue, second part, is the best that can be recommended for the 
study of execution in the higher classes. 
In the Real-Gymnasia a great variety is still observable in in 
struction in drawing. In the Viennese institutions, the results 
equal tho'se of the lower Real-Schools, although there are great 
differences in regard to the proportions of ornamental and figure 
drawing. 
In other institutions the course of instruction of the Real- 
Schools is, indeed, adhered to ; but, as the subject is elective for a 
part of the pupils in the higher classes, the System is mostly 
dropped, and the more pleasant is preferred to the more useful. 
Of the Industrial Improvement Schools, 1 the Viennese more espe- 
1 Industrial Improvement Schools (“Gewerbliche Fortbildungsschulen”) are 
descrihed as follows in the “ Official Catalogue of the Exhibition of the Ger 
man Empire,” at Vienna: “The Industrial Improvement Schools are intended 
to eontinue the education of those of the pupils of the People s and Real