AUSTRIA.

25

will  then  receive  due  attention,  and  studios  will  be  provided  for
enamelling,  painting  upon  glass  and  porcelain,  wood-carving,  &c.
The  second  division  of  the  Exhibition  contained  the  artistic
publications  of  the  museum,  consisting  of  plaster-casts,  galvanoplastic
  reproductions,  and  photographs,  and  the  art-scientific  works
issued  since  its  establishment. 1
1  Art-Industrial  Museums.—The  South  Kensington  Museum  whieh  originateil
  in  a  small  way  as  far  back  as  1852,  having  been  the  first  public  Institution
of  its  kiinl,  bas  aliuost  eclipsed  all  otlier  efforts  in  tbe  same  direction;  and  it
may  tberefore  be  of  interest  to  glanee  at  tbe  kindred  institutions,  especially
of  Gennany,  vvbicb  are  rapidly  springing  up  everywbere.  Tbe  conviction  is
gaining  ground  more  and  more,  tbat  tbese  nm-seums  are  an  absolute  necessity,
if  German  industry  is  to  be  able  to  compete  witb  tbe  indnstry  of  England  and
of  France.  That  it  is  still  in  tbe  rear,  is  freely  acknowledged  by  its  best
friends;  and  tbe  rapid  advanees  niade  by  Austrian  iudustry,  since  tbe  establisbment
  of  tbe  Museum  of  Art  and  Industry  at  Vienna,  have  added  a  new
Stimulus  to  those  which  were  in  Operation  before.  Tbe  importanee  of  tbese
institutions  was  also  fully  recognized  by  tbe  projectors  of  tbe  Vienna  World’s
Fair  of  1873.  A  special  group  (XXII.)  was  tberefore  organized  at  this  exbibition
  to  sbow  “  the  various  methods  by  which  the  different  modern  museums  endeavor
  to  carry  out  the  improvement  of  the  general  taste  of  thepeople,  and  the  manner
in  which  they  promote  the  art-industry  and  public  Instruction  of  their  countries.”
The  Museum  of  Art  and  Industry  at  Vienna  was  established  in  1864,  and
occupied  a  jn'ovisional  building,  until  its  present  building  was  completed  in
1871,  on  tbe  4th  of  November  of  wbicb  year,  tbe  emperor  of  Austria  performed
tbe  eeremony  of  laying  tbe  last  stone.  Tbe  Museum  is  well  endowed  by  tbe
state,  and  bas  received  a  considerable  number  of  donations  in  money,  as  well
as  in  valuable  articles,  from  tbe  emperor  and  from  private  parties  ;  a  society
bas  also  been  formed  “for  tbe  advancement  of  tbe  Art-Industrial  School  of
tbe  Museum,”  whose  prineipal  aim  it  is  to  provide  scbolarsbips  for  poor  but
talented  scholars,  irrespective  of  sex,  nationality,  or  religion.  Tbe  activity  of
tbe  Museum,  under  tbe  management  of  its  enthusiastic  director,  Prof.  R.  v.
Eitelberger,  is  very  great.  Travetling  exbibitions  are  arranged  all  over  Austria ­
  ;  and  the  regulär  leetures  of  the  sebool  are  supplemented  by  populär
lectures  given  every  Thursday  evening  during  tbe  winter,  admission  free.
Tbe  Museum  is  open  to  the  public,  without  Charge,  on  Thursdays,  Fridays,
Saturdays,  and  Sundays  ;  on  Tuesdays  and  Wednesdays,  an  admission  fee  of
thirty  kreuzers  (about  twenty  Cents)  is  charged.  Artists  and  workingmen,
bowever,  as  well  as  otbers  who  desire  to  use  the  collections  or  tbe  library  for
practical  purposes,  are  provided  with  cards,  which  pass  them  free  even  ou
Tuesdays  and  Wednesdays.  Books  may  be  taken  from  the  library,  by  giving
a  receipt  for  tbem.  The  list  of  tbe  publications  of  tbe  Museum  is  quite  extensive, ­
  enibracing  books,  pbotograpbs,  casts,  and  a  monthly  journal  (now  in  its
tenth  year)  devoted  to  tbe  interests  of  art  and  art-industry  (subscription  four
florins,  or  about  $1.60,  a  year).  Tbe  school  connected  witb  tbe  Museum  bas
been  in  very  successful  Operation  since  1867.
Tbe  first  steps  towards  tbe  establishment  of  tbe  German  Industrial  Museum