H  UNGARY.

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receive  their  training  exclusively  inforeign  countries,  their  art  will
not  be  Hungarian  art;  as  long  as  industry  does  notproduce  its
forms  and  its  workmen  in  the  country  itself,  it  will  not  be  national.
No  efforts  are.  making  to  reflne  the  existing  national  elements,
although  the  .country  is  rieh  in  monuments,  and  possesses  a  national ­
  industry  which  is  quite  original.  Hungary  has  done  more
for  the  cultivation  of  art  during  the  last  ten  years  tlian  all  she  has
previously  done  in  centuries.  Collections  have  been  commenced
or  re-organized,  societies  for  the  advancement  of  art  have  been
formed,  schools  have  been  established,  scholarships  have  been
founded,  and  magnificent  Orders  have  been  given  to  native  artists.
The  future  must  ripen  the  fruits  of  these  efforts.
To  provide  a  common  centre  for  art-education,  an  institution
has  been  founded,  which  is  so  organized  as  to  meet  the  necessities
of  the  present,  and  which  will  exercise  a  beneficial  influence  in
advancing  the  interests  under  consideration.  Tliis  is  the  Royal
Hungarian  State  Drawing  School,  and  the  Seminary  for  Drawing
Teachers  connected  with  it  (opened  Nov.  1,  1871).
Enactments  and  laws  on  educational  matters  cannot  be  carried
out  rationally  as  long  as  efficient  teachers  are  wanting.  Although
drawing  appears  as  a  subject  of  instruction  in  the  Elementary  and
Higher  Normal  Schools  as  far  back  as  the  time  of  Queen  Maria
Theresa,  in  the  “  Ratio  educationis  publieoe  ”  issued  by  this
sovereign,  the  traces  of  the  results  will  nevertheless  be  looked  for
in  vain.  The  truth  is,  there  were  neither  teachers,  nor  aids  for
teaching.  This  want  is  to  be  met  by  the  institution  lately
established.  Since  the  introduction  of  Real-Schools,  in  which
drawing  plays  a  more  important  part,  and  since  the  subject
has  been  made  compulsory  in  the  Gymnasia,  the  necessity  of  proyiding
  such  teachers  has  been  officially  recognized.
As  to  the  arrangement  of  the  school  in  question,  it  is  quite
proper  tliat  it  should  have  more  of  the  character  of  a  highei  Ait-Industrial
  School,  with  special  reference  to  the  liberal  arts,  tlian  of
an  Art-Academy,  which  latter,  as  experience  has  shown  once
before,  would  be  of  little  benefit,  under  existing  circumstances,
either  to  art  or  to  art-industry.  The  direction  of  the  school  has
been  confided  to  Mr.  G.  Keleti,  who  has  thoroughly  studied  the
question  of  art-education  in  foreign  countries,  and  in  accordance
with  whose  experience  the  school  has  been  organized.