36 
ART EDUCATION. 
Bavaria. — The Educational Exhibition of Bavaria covered all 
categories of educational institutions, from the Primary Schools for 
the smallest children to the Technical and Industrial High Schools. 
Numerous Statistical tables, programmes, &c., supplied very full 
information regarding the Organization of educational matters, and 
gave a clear survey of each separate branch of education. 
The Art-Industrial Schools, with their nuclei at Munich and Nu- 
remberg, are the traditional centres of gravity for drawing-instruc- 
tion in Bavaria. The subject is made to serve the industries 
almost exclusively; and, evcn down to the latest times, no other 
than practical results liave been aimed at. It need not surpriseus, 
therefore, that the understanding of art among the people of Ba 
varia still leaves much to be desired, in spite of the flourishing 
condition of art at the academies, of the numerous collections, 
museums, monuments, &c., created by art-loving kings. The 
principal purpose of instruction in drawing will always be to edu- 
cate the eye to read and to understand forms ; but the subject has 
been totally neglected heretofore in the Bavarian schools. Since 
German art was recalled to life by Cornelius, so many roads have 
been opened for this branch of instruction, that it must indeed 
appear stränge to see so little attention paid to it, as a part of the 
education of the people, in the very country in which this resur- 
rection took place. “ Although instruction in drawing,” says J. 
Bahm in his “Statistical Handbook of the Bavarian People’s 
Schools ” (1872), “ was made a compulsory study in the People’s 
Scliools by the plan of instruction of 1811, it is nevertheless neg 
lected in most of the schools even to-day; it is partly taught only 
in the larger cities, and it is more than surprising that in Nurem- 
berg, the principal industrial city of Bavaria, this branch of 
instruction is not cultivated at all.” 
Very naturally the specimens from the Bavarian People’s Schools 
to be seen at the Exhibition were unimportant, and gave no evi- 
dence of any definite method. An exception was made only by 
the Munich schools, in which, according to the new plan of instruc 
tion of 1872, drawing upon slates is begun in the first dass, pro- 
ceeding in the following classes from the drawing of simple 
geometrical forms, upon paper, to outline Ornaments. Better 
methods are also followed in the schools of Kirchdorf and Aich-