38 
ART ED üCATION. 
and Eichstädt adhere principally to outline Ornament; at the Sem- 
inary at Passau, unusual attention is devoted to drawing from 
casts, but in a line-manner whicli cannot be recommended, as the 
modulations of the form can never be mastered by it as well as 
when tints are employed. 
Regarding geometrical drawing, it may be said of the institutions 
named, that projection is principally practiced in its application to 
simple architectural subjects, such as columns, &c. For the pres 
ent, systematical geometrical drawing is practiced but little in the 
Seminaries. A small and concise manual by J. Böhm, “ Drawing 
Geometry,” which was shown at the Exhibition, and which is 
especially intended «for those who aspire to become teachers, is 
well ealculated to supply the deficiency in this respect. 
In the Real-Gymnasia of Bavaria, drawing is practiced, if not 
with remarkable, at least with very respectable success. Ornament 
is practiced almost exclusively, and the main stress is laid upon 
correct outlines. The examples are taken from the Renaissance 
and the Gothic style; the technical means are peneil and pen. 
The first dass begins with geometrical forms, which are followed 
up in the second dass by outline Ornaments; in the third and 
fourth dass shaded drawing from casts is practiced, and the 
more talented pupils are permitted to draw figures. 
According to a royal enactment of the year 1867, it is the prov- 
ince of the Bavarian Real-Gymnasia, to impart not only a general 
scientific education, but also to provide for that knowledge which 
is necessary as a preparation for the various callings requiring a 
more intimate acquaintance with the exact Sciences. They are 
therefore primarily intended to provide the requisite basis for the 
studies of those who propose serving the state in a technical ca- 
pacity, and, running parallel to the humanistic Gymnasia, they 
presuppose the knowledge of the four classes of the Latin school. 
A wider scope is consequently given to drawing in these schools, 
than is given to it in similar institutions in Austria, in which, 
indeed, the bifurcation lies in the foundation, the tendency is pre- 
eminently humanistic, and little attention is paid to linear drawing. 
In these Austrian schools, geometry is assigned to mathematics, 
and projection is only practiced in the fourth dass, together with 
freehand drawing, which, at the rate of only four hours each