42 
ART EDUCATION. 
The results of drawing instruction in the Industrial Schools 
proper may, on the whole, be called satisfactory, and more espe- 
cially so in some of the institutions known as District Industrial 
Schools 1 (supported by the districts), a fact which is to be attrib- 
uted to the more liberal cndowment and the better Situation of 
these institutions. In the Organization of the schools, local ne- 
cessities are frequently kept in view, and, on the whole, the 
commercial tendency prevails in them; only the schools of Nu- 
remberg and Munich possess a pronounced industrial character. 
The clrawings by pupils which were exhibited, evidenced 
throughout an efflcient System of instruction. A beginning is 
generally made, in the first freehand course, with Herdtle’s or 
Volz’s copies. These are succeeded in the second course by Orna 
ments slightly shaded, and drawing from casts, projection being 
practiced quite extensively at the same time ; the third course is 
more especially devoted to drawing relating to special branches, 
freehand drawing being practiced exclusively from nature, while 
architectural and machine drawing is practiced in linear drawing. 
Very good work was exhibited by the industrial schools of Würz 
burg, Ratisbon, Nuremberg, and Fürth. The latter institutiorf 
also exhibited an extensive collection of Stereometrie models (con- 
structed of glass surfaces) which had been executed by Dr. 
Langhans, a very efflcient teacher in the school, and which, in 
exaetness of execution and in practical combination, left other 
aids for teaching of the same kind far behänd. 2 
The achievements of the schools at Beyreuth and Freising also 
deserve honorable mention. 
The Munich Improvement School for Artisans was especially 
brilliant in its (technical) linear drawings. The Ornaments, 
although sometimes of excellent execution, were wanting in grace, 
— a peculiarity which, unfortunately, they share with German 
industry in general. The modelling in wax, and the chased work, 
were undoubtedly above criticism in tlieir technical execution; but 
1 Tliere are altogether thirty-one Intermediate Industrial Schools in Bava 
ria, six of the inost important of which are called District Industrial Schools. 
2 The reporter helieves it Ins duty to dwell upon these excellent models 
with especial emphasis, as, strangely euough, they were overlooked by the 
jury.