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44 ART ED UCATION.
practical in the first stage of instruction, is being introduced into
the drawing-schools of the Palatinate. His neat little books,
based upon this method, deserve the fallest recognition for their
careful, systematic grouping of the simplest geometrical forms ;
the same author’s copies for instruction in linear drawing, for the
use of the lower sections of Technical Schools, are likewise quite
practical.
The centre of attraction of the Bavarian Educational Exhibition
was, however, formed by the works of the higher Art-Industrial
Schools of Nuremberg and of Munich. In Munich, the interests
of art-industry are principally cared for by the Royal Art-Indus
trial School and the Art-Industrial Association, while the cul-
tivation of art proper is made over to the Academy of the
Arts of Design, wliich, under KaulbaclTs 1 and Piloty’s direc-
tion, may at present be looked upon as the central point of German
painting.
In Nuremberg both tendencies are United in one Institution,
the oldest among the art-schools of Germany (founded by Joa
chim v. Sandrart, 1606—1688), which has made considerable
advances, especially during the two last decades, under the excel-
lent management of A. v. Kreling. The objects exhibited by this
Institution gave a clear idea of its plan of instruction and of its
exertions in behalf of taste. The plan of instruction is based
upon the desire to carry the artistic education of the pupils
to the highest possible perfection in all branches, and, at the
same time, to elevate industry by bringing it under the influence
of art.
Instruction begins with the drawing of Ornaments from casts ;
and the pupil, after having reproduced the outlines correctly, is
led to study the equally important internal movement of the forms.
The modelling of Ornaments is generally done from drawings (old
examples being partially employed), so as to give facility to the
pupil in the translation of graphic into plastic representation,
which is so necessary in industrial pursuits.
To give practice in the treatment of wood and of metals, wood-
carvings and chased works in metal are executed in the Institution,
1 Kmdbach. — It is hardly necessary to say tliat Wilhelm von Kaulbach died
April 8,1874, when Prof. Langl’s Eeport had already been published.— Transl.