124 
fruit are mixed with the sweet tobaceo, and kept 
under ground or put into a jar, which is closed with 
clay paste. When it is well seasoned, the spices 
specified below are mixed with it, and it becomes 
khumeerah tobacco. In summer apple pickles are 
put with it, and keora and rose water are poured on 
the tobacco. In winter musk is mixed. 
Spices :— 
1. Naggur mootha, an odoriferous herb. 
2. Kapoor kuchree. 
3. Jai moosa, or jatamaseee. 
4. Chureela, 
5. Soogundh mantree. 
6. Soogundh bala, 
7■ Soogundh kokila. • 
8. Tuj. 
9. Taleese. 
10. White sandal dust. 
11. Panchree. 
12. Small cardamom. 
13. Large ditto. 
14. Buckchee. 
15. Cloves. 
16. Nagasur. 
17. Chumpaotee. 
18. Kuchoor. 
1.9. Tumbool. 
20. Javitree, or mace. 
Prepared snuff consists of tobacco only. Some 
mix with it uttur for scent. 
Soortee, made from dried tobacco leaf. The people 
of Benares generally eat it with pan, or betel-leaf. 
There are two kinds prepared, viz., dry and wet. 
1 *ry soortee consists of dried tobacco leaves, chopped 
into small, pieces, which are boiled tili the water 
becomes thick, and some additional pieces of dry 
tobacco are put into it. Subsequently it is dried and 
becomes fit for use. The wet soortee is prepared by 
boiling the tobacco leaves and straining the water, 
which is made thick by boiling. In summer, cam- 
phor, cubebs, and keora are mixed in it. In winter 
musk and mace are applied. 
C.—PREPAEATIONS OF IIEMP. 
1 he dried leaves of bhang are sometimes smoked 
alone or mixed with tobacco ; but the more common 
form of taking bhang is to make it up with flour 
into a cake, or a majun or sweetmeat, which has a 
green colour. There is also a common method for 
habitual drinkers of “ banghi,” viz., of infusing the 
leaves in cold water in a pestle and mortar^ and 
pouring off the clear liquor through a cloth strainer. 
The eating of these sweetmeats by persons unac- 
customed to tbem produces the most violent mania 
and excitement, and the eyes become red and in- 
flamed. 
I recollect, says Baden Powell, at Labore, a case 
oi attempted suicide by a youth, where it appearedhe 
had purchased sweetmeats which contained bhang, 
of which he was not aware; he had not even taken 
bhang before. After a time he became almost frantic, 
rushing wildly about hither and thither, and at 
last threw himself into a well, whence he was for- 
tunately rescued; after this, he feil into a kind of 
heavy sleep or stupor and then recovered. Persons 
who are accustomed to the excitement of bhang are 
not usually so violently excited. 
The common majun to be met with in the bazars 
is often merely sugar, perhaps with ghi, and the 
bhang without the other ingredients. 
Specimens of Hemp preparations exhibited by the 
Amritsar Local Committee. 
3,503-4. Majun Najjar. 
3,505. Majun suranjan. 
3,506'. . „ Mastagi. 
3.507. „ Rahat. 
3.508. „ Ramonya. 
3.509. ,, i-jalimus. 
3.510. „ shahr-yar. 
3.511. „ Khyar chamba. 
3.512. Mommyai. 
Two Specimens exhibited by the Bengal Local 
Committee. 
7,914. Majun. Calcutta. 
7,918. Maddat. do. 
The principal forms in which hemp is met with in 
the markets of the East* are,—1, haschich; 2, bhang; 
3, gunjah; 4, churrus; 5, a variety of electuaries, 
pastes, &e., in all of which butter or some other 
oleaginous matter is the basis of formation. 
I. The first, or haschich, is the Arabian name 
given to the dried tops of the plant grown in Upper 
kgypt, the meaning of the Word being “ herb,” or 
“ herbe par excellence ;” the tops are gathered some 
time before the seeds are come to maturity. 
II. Bhang is an Indian preparation, consisting of 
the larger leaves and capsules, which, according to 
Ur. O’Shaughnessy, is the cheapest form used in 
India, and therefore in common use among the lower 
Orders for Smoking, &c.; from it is prepared an 
mtoxicating drink, and it forms a part of the con- 
fection called majoon. 
III. Gunjah is the chief Indian form of the dried 
plant, and consists of the dried tops of cannabis 
after flowering, and from which the resin of the 
leaves has not been removed; it is chiefly sold in 
the Calcutta bazaars for smoking, in bundles two 
feet long and three inches in diameter; the colour is 
dusky green, the odour agreeably nareotic, the whole 
resinous and adhesive to the touch. r l'he specimens 
I have examined cqnsist of a central stem with 
branches, round which are aggregated elongated 
o"\ al masses about I2 inches long, and closely pressed 
together by adhesive resinous matter; when steeped 
111 water these masses can be teased out, and are 
found to eonsist of the tops of the plant, that is, the 
flowers, fruit, and smaller leaflets. 
IV. Churrus is the resinous secretion alone, and is 
therefore the most powerful shape in which hemp 
Tnay be used ; but it is at the same time expensive, 
and is not met with in Europe, except as a museum 
specimen. The specimens in Dr. Christison’s museum 
are variously-sized, nodulate, round masses from the 
size of a pea to that of a walnut, and of greenish 
black colour. It is collected during the hot season 
by scraping the leaves and tops. Ur. O’Shaughnessy 
States, that in Central India and Nepal men in 
i>ermsu irom a raemoir oy Alexander uftristison, 
‘ On Cannabis Indien, Indian Hemp.”